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In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.
句子
In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.
问题
句子分析（俗称“长难句分析”）是训练提高基础阅读能力的有效手段。我们通过对托福(TOEFL)、雅思(IELTS)、GRE、考研以及四六级等考试中真实出现过的句子（如真题、TPO，剑桥系列）进行结构化分析，可以有效提升句子理解的准确性和效率。朗播通过近百万的用户实际数据分析发现，练习 300-400 个句子，会让阅读能力有显著提升。请按顺序阅读句子，并思考：
1. 句子属于哪种结构类型？简单句？并列复合句？主从复合句？
2. 句子由哪些子句构成，连接这些子句的关联词是什么？
3. 每个子句中各个语法成分分别是哪些？
4. 句子的中文意思是什么？
1. 句子属于哪种结构类型？简单句？并列复合句？主从复合句？
2. 句子由哪些子句构成，连接这些子句的关联词是什么？
3. 每个子句中各个语法成分分别是哪些？
4. 句子的中文意思是什么？
1. 主从复合句
2. 原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词
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主句In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat was rudimentary.子句类型:主句连接词:
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分句-1The knowledge of the physics of heat was essential to a science of refrigeration.子句类型:定语从句连接词: which
3. 句子成分
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主句In the early nineteenth century, [状语] the knowledge of the physics of heat [主语] was [系动词] rudimentary.[表语]
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分句-1The knowledge of the physics of heat [主语] was [系动词] essential [表语] to a science of refrigeration. [状语]
4. 句子翻译
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主句In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat was rudimentary.在 19 世纪早期，热学的物理知识还很粗浅。
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分句-1The knowledge of the physics of heat was essential to a science of refrigeration.这种知识对制冷科学来说至关重要。
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全句In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.在 19 世纪早期，热学的物理知识还很粗浅，而这种知识对制冷科学来说至关重要。
考点解析
根据朗播专家权威分析，句子“In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. 英语长难句解析 ”主要针对以下知识点进行考查，关于这些知识点的讲解如下：
主从复合句
含有两套或更多的主谓结构，其中有一个是主要的主谓结构，其他主谓结构从属于它并且担任起句子成分。
①They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.
②He asked me where he could get such medicine.
定语从句
在主从复合句中，对名词（或者整个句子）限定修饰，起定语作用的句子，就是定语从句。
①They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
②The school that he once studied in is very famous.
主句
主从复合句中的主干句子，能单独使用或出现的句子。
①They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.
②He asked me where he could get such medicine.
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学员笔记
笔记分享
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本句可以抽出句型 ：A be essential to B 译为 “A 对 B 很重要”，其中 be 有数和时态变化。 对于A of B of C 这种结构，在理解其意思时可从后往前推。例如本句中可以译为“C 的 B 的 A"1
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rudimentary 最初阶段，初步的 A be essential to B 译为 “A 对 B 很重要” refrigeration 制冷科学0
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rudimentary 粗浅的0
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A be essential to B A 对 B 很重要0
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rudimentary到底应该是“粗浅的”还是”基本的“？M-W ：1. consisting in first principles : fundamental 2. of a primitive kind 3. very imperfectly developed or represented only by a vestige0