If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse arr 英语长难句解析

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句子

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants.

问题

句子分析（俗称“长难句分析”）是训练提高基础阅读能力的有效手段。我们通过对托福(TOEFL)、雅思(IELTS)、GRE、考研以及四六级等考试中真实出现过的句子（如真题、TPO，剑桥系列）进行结构化分析，可以有效提升句子理解的准确性和效率。朗播通过近百万的用户实际数据分析发现，练习 300-400 个句子，会让阅读能力有显著提升。请按顺序阅读句子，并思考：

1. 句子属于哪种结构类型？简单句？并列复合句？主从复合句？
2. 句子由哪些子句构成，连接这些子句的关联词是什么？
3. 每个子句中各个语法成分分别是哪些？
4. 句子的中文意思是什么？

学会分析长难句 ----> 上朗播网答案

1. 并列复合句

2. 原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词

子句-1

The physical barriers of the plant are breached.

子句类型:

状语从句

连接词: IF
子句-2

Then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder.

子句类型:

并列句

连接词:
子句-3

Plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids.

子句类型:

并列句

连接词: AND
子句-4

Many of them are highly effective deterrents to insects.

子句类型:

定语从句

连接词: WHICH
子句-5

Insects feed on plants.

子句类型:

定语从句

连接词: THAT

3. 句子成分

子句-1

The physical barriers [主语] of the plant [定语] are breached. [谓语]
子句-2

Then [状语] preformed chemicals[主语] may inhibit[谓语] or[连接词] kill[谓语] the intruder[宾语].
子句-3

Plant tissues[主语] contain[谓语] a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances[宾语], such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids[同位语].
子句-4

Many of them[主语] are[系动词] highly effective deterrents[表语] to insects[定语] .
子句-5

Insects[主语] feed on[谓语] plants[宾语].

4. 句子翻译

子句-1

The physical barriers of the plant are breached.

植物的物理障碍被突破了。
子句-2

Then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder.

准备好的化学物质能阻拦或杀死入侵者。
子句-3

Plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids.

植物组织也含有各种有毒或潜在有毒的物质，比如树脂、单宁酸、配糖和生物碱。
子句-4

Many of them are highly effective deterrents to insects.

这些物质对昆虫来说是巨大的威胁。
子句-5

Insects feed on plants.

这些昆虫以植物为食。
全句

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants.

如果植物的物理障碍被突破，那么预先形成的化学物质就能阻拦或杀死入侵者，植物组织也含有各种有毒的或潜在有毒的物质，比如树脂、单宁酸、配糖和生物碱，这些物质对以植物为食物的昆虫来说是巨大的威胁。

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考点解析

根据朗播专家权威分析，句子“If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse arr 英语长难句解析 ”主要针对以下知识点进行考查，关于这些知识点的讲解如下：

句子类型
句子成分
收藏仍然有疑问？去问答墙

并列复合句

并列复合句含有两套或者更多相互并列的主谓结构的句子。

①Water has weight; air has weight too, but it is very light.

②Heat is energy, so is electricity.

并列句

并列句是构成并列复合句的简单句。

①I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.

②Take the chance, or else you will regret it.

定语从句

在主从复合句中，对名词（或者整个句子）限定修饰，起定语作用的句子，就是定语从句。

①They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

②The school that he once studied in is very famous.

状语从句

在主从复合句中，在句中作状语、起副词作用的句子，可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

①Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

②No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

表语

表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的成分。

①That remains a puzzle to me.

②The sun is up.

宾语

宾语是指一个动作（动词）的接受者，分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。

①He didn't say anything.

②We sent him a letter.

定语

定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。

①In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events.

②Possible solutions to the problem are formulated.

连接词

连接词是连接短语或子句的句子成分。

①That is, they become diseased and die.

②The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940's and became a flood by 1950.

同位语

一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。

①A new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.

②Most of them range in size from $5,000 to $12,500, a welcome sum to many young practitioners.

谓语

谓语对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。

①It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.

②I made your birthday cake last night.

系动词

本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

①That is air wrung dry of moisture.

②There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years.

主语

主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是"什么人"或"什么事"。

①My school is not far from my house.

②To do such a job needs more knowledge.

状语

状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,从情况、时间、处所，方式、条件、对象，肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心（或者整个句子）进行修饰或限制。

①In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown.

②It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts.

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学员笔记

笔记分享

分享于 2015-01-30 01:35 推荐

本句的难点在于句子中涉及到一些化学类的单词，比如 resins, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids 等，这给阅读带来了一定的难度。这些词其实只需要把它们当作符号来理解，而真正的理解难点在 preformed chemicals、highly effective deterrents to insects 等短语。要理解这些短语，需要我们在做阅读时不断积累，并且多查词典掌握其用法。阅读中语法比较难的句子只占少数，大部分情况下单词和短语都认识，句子意思就能读懂了。所以，我们在做阅读之前一定要背好单词，积累常用短语。

3
分享于 2015-11-20 04:15

if 引导的是条件状语从句 plant tissues 和 and 之前句子并列。所以是比并列复合句 preformed 准备好的 breach 违背，破坏 deterrent 制止物，威慑物

0
分享于 2015-04-11 02:44

substances物质 resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids 树脂、单宁酸、配糖和生物碱

0
分享于 2015-09-26 12:24

The physical barriers of[定语] the plant [主语] are [系动词] breached[表语] .核心是The physical barriers Many of them[主语] are[系动词] highly effective deterrents[表语] to insects[定语] glycosides配糖

0
分享于 2015-08-23 11:35

preformed chemicals预制的化学物质 highly effective deterrents to insects对昆虫来说是巨大的威胁 deterrents 威胁 breach攻破，违约 resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids 树脂、单宁酸、配糖和生物碱

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