GRE 作文题目 来源于朗播用户:高辛
People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]
题目分析
翻译
人们的行为很大程度上是由自己不能驾驭的力量决定的。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论你同意或反对这个说法达到什么程度,并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时,你需要考虑这个说法可能在哪些方面成立或者不成立,并解释你所考虑的这些东西如何体现你的观点]
指导
本题讨论对个人行为负责相关的问题,题目认为个人行为并非是自己可以决定的,更多得是被外界左右。本题改编自老GRE的ISSUE93"The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making",和老GRE的ISSUE156"Choice is an illusion. In reality, our lives are controlled by the society in which we live"有互通之处。在分析的过程中,可以从个人责任的意义以及是否必要,影响个人行为的因素,外界对个人行为的影响方面和具体形式、程度等方面展开思考。
1. 如果不存在“个人责任”这个概念,人们的学习、工作、生活以及整个社会的发展都会出现哪些问题?请举例并简述。
回答: 会导致效率低,混乱,矛盾。比如在需要多人完成的工作中如果没有具体的分工,具体的任务就落实不到每个人头上,就会导致责任混乱,由此会产生不干活和干错活的情况,效率低下,并且出了问题不到人承担。没有人承担责任,就会推卸责任,产生矛盾。
2. 让个人为自己的行为负责对于社会有哪些好处?请举例并简述。
回答: 1使考虑到要负的责任,人以严肃的态度做出决定,不会乱来 比如医生用药考虑到病人服用的后果,就不会随意开处方 2在分配利益时可以根据所负责大小来确定获得利益的多少或者惩罚的轻重。这样就能消除矛盾。比如公司分配利益时把最多的留给责任最大的。同样如果有损失,责任最大的损失越大。
3. 人们的行为都受到哪些因素的影响?请举例并简述。(可从内因、外因两方面分别考虑)
回答: 1内因 个体的需求 比如饿了以后有吃饭的需求,产生的行为就是找吃的 人有归属感的需求,表现出来的行为就是去参加集体聚会 2外因 社会群体 比如从众行为就是受到多人一致行为的影响而产生的与他们一致的行为。 文化 比如在中国古代 相同姓氏的人不能结婚
4. 外界因素在哪些情况下以何种方式影响着人们的行为?请举例并简述。
回答: 当大部分人们长久以来做某事就会产生的某种社会风俗习惯,即使这个风俗没有任何理性的成分。人们如果违抗这种风俗,就会被集体排斥,使你不再是属于这个集体。当这种排斥达到了让人无法忍受的程度,人们就会妥协,外界因素就影响了个体的行为。比如在中国古代,同姓氏的不能结婚就是一个传统,一旦违反,就会被逐出家门,被人视为异类。这样的情况就不得不放弃适合自己的婚姻。
5. 人们是否可以不顾外界环境的影响而进行自己的选择?如果可以,请举例;如果不可以,请解释原因。
回答: 不一定。人是社会性的,处在一个稳定的环境里,有稳定的社交关系,就要考虑到别人的感受。因为你会长期和一部人生活。如果做出的事总是严重违背和激怒他们,那么你在这个社交圈的生活将会非常困难。但是比起得罪他们,你不做出不顾环境做出的事的损失更大,那么就会选择不顾环境自己选择。也就是说,在两个都有损失的情况下,两害相权取其轻。
其他用户的回答
作文
  people's behavior is originated from two factors:internal factors and external factors,then people's behavior is determined by balancing and choosing the two factors. The behavior's result can't be the behavior's reason.  Internal factors are something like individual will or people's motivation.External factors usually include the traditions and social environment.When the two factors exist the conflicts,people will think and balance the conflicts and decide which factor is less harmful.In this process of choosing,no matter the external factor like social environment or the internal factor like individual will you will choose,you have already thought about it.Although most people choose the external factor like tradition,the result of the behavior can not be the reason of the behavior.That means the choice how many people make can not repudiate the process of making this choice.You can't say most people choose this one so when someone also choose this, he never think about it.Most people choose the external factors that force themselves because they think it is worse to choose the individual will than the external factors like social environment.In the years of the cultural revolution,the many intellectuals lost their conscience to impudently compliment the leaders of their country,but Mr.GUZHUI insisted the conscience of a intellectuals and the spirit of the independence.He never obeyed anyone.In those years,he still thought about the social problems and insisted writing.In his value,the intellectuals' independent personality and conscience are more important than the comfortable live and even the life.Socrates was judged to die by Greece people's vote.His friends and students tried to help him out of prison,but he refused to leave.To the surface,his behavior even his life were determined by forces not of their own making,but in fact,he made the choice by himself.The choice was about respecting the laws which even not perfect and fair and insisting his belief.   People can make the choice according to their own values,but the process of  forming a value is also influenced by the external factors.Although this is a fact,you can't  repudiate the process of making the choice.
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