GRE 作文题目
来源于朗播用户：天一生水_575
It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.
题目分析
翻译
在获得数据前就建立理论是个严重的错误。
指导
本题讨论数据对于建立理论的必要性问题，题目认为没有数据就建立理论是不对的。在分析的过程中，可以从数据对于理论的作用、数据和理论之间的充分关系和必要关系、建立无数据理论错误的原因、对于不同时期不同学科的问题等方面展开思考。需要注意题目讨论的是数据对于理论建立的必要性（不满足A，必然不B；满足A，不必然B），而不是充分性（满足A，必然B；不满足A，不必然B）。同时，需要注意假说、理论、定律三个概念之间的区别——HYPOTHESIS implies insufficient evidence to provide more than a tentative explanation. THEORY implies a greater range of evidence and greater likelihood of truth. LAW implies a statement of order and relation in nature that has been found to be invariable under the same conditions.
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1. 请举例并分析：是否存在建立某理论的过程中没有数据支撑的事例？该理论在以后的实践过程中的情况是如何的？
回答：
Darwin and his theory of evolution.For a lack of maths tool, it was impossible to establish a theory on basis of accrate data.But he made his point reasonable by analysing existing evidence.And today,datas from the realm of molecular biology has impressively supported this theory.
2. 数据在理论建立的过程中起到哪些作用？请举例并简述。
回答：
1 enlighten one to come up with an assumption. Like Mendel and his trails on the hybrid of peas.The data led him to the genetic theory .
2 examine one's assumption.Like in Phycology,if we want to verify that short-term memory's time scale is within minutes, we can have a trail and examine it.
3. 数据在理论建立过程中起到的作用是否不可替代或不可缺少？如果是，为什么？如果不是，哪些可以缺少或被其他内容替代？
回答：
no as long as there is veritable evidence, one can use it to support his theory.
4. 没有数据支撑的理论可能会在哪些方面存在隐患或出现问题？请结合具体事例阐述。
回答：
unbelievable and may be false.Like economics,the classic theory of free market
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