GRE 作文题目 来源于朗播用户:遗世帝尚双
The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]
题目分析
翻译
人类思维总是比机器高级,因为机器仅仅是人类思维的工具而已。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论你同意或反对这个说法达到什么程度,并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时,你需要考虑这个说法可能在哪些方面成立或者不成立,并解释你所考虑的这些东西如何体现你的观点]
指导
本题为老GRE的ISSUE159原题。题目讨论人类思维与机器之间的关系,是很多科学幻想都会触及的一个疑问——人类思维是否永远高于机器,机器会不会有一天超越人类,而不再是简单的工具?相关方面有很多素材以及经典讨论,而且也是大家比较熟悉的话题。写作时应当注意:不要发散太多,ISSUE依然是在逻辑上的分析;对于AW,类似于 academic writing,所以引用的例证不要太古怪。
1. 人类思维和机器相比,有什么共性?二者各自有什么个性?
回答: 共性:能够进行信息的存储和处理(eg计算和整合); 个性:人类思维更加灵活,面对未知的问题能够结合各种信息主动思考;重复计算等速度较慢,存储信息的容量没有机器大;机器只能执行既定的程序,没有任何创新性,大型计算的能力强,存储信息的能力强
2. 人类思维和机器之间是什么关系?
回答: 发明者和发明产品的关系 人类创造了机器 机器是人类思维的产物;同时,由于机器可以辅助人类做一些人类自身无法完成的事情,如地震时的探测仪;机器可以进一步促进人类的思维拓展,我们可以用计算器验证数学题的对错,用超级电脑预测气象的变化和各种地理现象背后蕴涵的模式;机器帮助人们探索未知的世界,一定程度上更新了人类的思维。但机器诞生之后,它在速度,规模,与力量上都超越单个人的力量,它被利用来帮助人类解决问题,但是也有可能被误入歧途的人类思维导向毁灭。人类的思维方式决定了人类将以什么方式对待机器,运用机器。人类的思维可以改进机器,比如为机器编制更优化的代码,提高硬件性能,提高机器的思维能力,或者通过研究人工智能技术,让机器可以模拟人的思维。
3. 人类思维有什么不足是机器可以弥补的?机器在哪些方面超越了人类?
回答: 工作持久性准确度:大量繁琐的计算工作 人类的思维会厌烦疲倦而产生错误高效:人类思维较一些机器而言,反应较慢;进行科学研究中的数值计算,一般计算机可以算到millions of trillions of times per second, 人脑也就dozens of thousands of times 存储量:人类思维会主观上影响某些试验数据,实验成果,或因身体状况,感情,外界环境而有所不同,而机器多是真实客观的数据或现象,不会受其他因素干扰
4. 机器有没有哪方面存在的不足注定了其不能超越人类思维?这些不足能否通过某些方式来弥补?
回答: 机器毕竟是人类思维的产物,只有人类的思维更新进步了,机器才有可能改进。一个机器不会永远满足人类的需求:机器的程序是固定的,除非人类使其更新;但人类的思维可以发散,从而对于一个问题从多角度多途径来解决。机器不能思考:面对新问题,不能主动想出解决方法,只能执行既定的命令,同时机器也不能处理linguistic,psychology,philosophy等涉及人类感情和文化发展的学科问题,现在发展的artificial intelligence有可能弥补,但是还是遥遥无期。 机器处理问题的方式是机械性的,仅仅基于数据与运算,却无法观察到世界大局与人类情感的微妙之处,而后者却在很多时候决定了一件事的真正发展趋势。 参:机器不能自主思维 只能解决人类已知如何解决的问题 不能解决新的问题,新的问题还需要靠人类去寻找新方法解决。这些不足只能通过人类不停地更新机器内在解决问题的能力,最终靠的依然是人类,而不是机器本身
其他用户的回答
作文
Human minds are always being superior to machines,but it is too conceited for us individuals to belittle what machines can achieve.Many existences must attribute their emergence to human minds,such as computers and cellphones,yet some do cause consequences more devastating than human can ever imagine,one case in point:the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.Chernobyl nuclear power plant was designed and controlled by the Russians innocently until it ruined thousands of miles of rich land and dozens of generations of ordinary people because of its nuclear leakage.   Human mind and machine share similarity and each holds its own selfdom.As mentioning of functional diversity,humanity is surely far more developed.Both humans and machines can count and calculate but human brains have neurons dealing with emotions while machines do not show any expression of happiness or sadness.Machines can't think initiatively,or do anything spontaneously.There is no sign that any substance will fix this weakness.Since the 19th century,trains have been designed more and more intelligent,but not a single signal has shown any clue that it will turn into an "Irongut Train Man" -the hero,who was a human-like creature,of a series of cartoon named "Irongut Train Man",yet.   People made machines for releasing labor force from hard physical working.All existing machines are tools of human beings. For example,automobile is a kind of vehicle of transport produced by human,in which people feel easier than walking when traveling a long distance.Moreover,machines can compensate shortages of humans,which refers to such capabilities as strength and calculation.Albeit a variety of machines are stronger and faster than us individuals,they are made to be such a beast rather than ought to be.Airplanes,for instance,are huge in size and heavy in weight because people made them to be,because human want them to carry more individuals at one time and stay safe during the flight.   However,machines might threat humans on aspects vary from nuclear explosion to traffic injuries to body damage and to mental intimidation. The serious radiation leaked from damaged Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power station,Japan,destroyed cities and valleys,hurt the nation and neighbors.Lots of volunteers were radiated to death,whose kinship suffered bereavement subsequently.   We admit that human minds do get beaten by machines sometimes,like Deep Blue,a chess-playing computer developed by IBM whom won the chess match against world champion Garry Kasparov on May 11,1997.Furthermore,people are making machines smarter and smarter through innumerous programs such as the Blue Brain Project,an attempt to create a synthetic brain by reverse-engineering the mammalian brain down to the molecular level,which announced that the super computer had successfully stimulated certain performances of mammals.Yet human intelligence is depicted as the dominant one in most occasions since all machines' procedures are preset by human.However,machines can be dangerous if we individuals don't use them well,exemplified analogously with that human is superior to  rattlesnake in the food chain and webs,but its venom is always a treat.     Indeed,historical evidences show that human minds is superior to machines,however underestimating the force of machines might irritate menace that beyond human's management.
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