GRE 作文题目
来源于朗播用户：刘旸
Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.]
题目分析
翻译
国家应该出台法律保持现存所有荒地的原始状态，尽管这些地区可以为了经济利益而被开发。[说明：写一篇文章，讨论你对于这个政策的观点，并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时，你需要考虑这个政策生效以后可能带来的结果，并解释这些结果如何支持了你的观点]
指导
本题改编自老GRE的ISSUE83"Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people"。题目讨论对荒地原始状态保持的问题，题目认为这种措施是“应该执行”的。在分析的过程中，可以从国家责任本身要考虑的内容、荒地原始状态的保持满足了哪些需求、荒地对人们生活的正负面和直接间接影响等方面展开思考。
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1. 请结合具体事例分析：哪些荒地因为政府没有进行有效保护，给人们带来了负面影响；有哪些原始荒地因为政府的开发而带来了更多的价值？
回答：
数千年前，底格里斯河和幼法拉底河流域曾经是非常肥沃的亚索不达米亚平原，今天被我们称为人类文明的摇篮之一。世界历史中有文字记录的第一种文明苏美尔文明就是在那里孕育起来的，亚述文明和巴比伦文明也在那里产生。那儿产生了世界最早的几座城市，而且都市发展和一套应用灌溉的复杂农业统系结合在一起。现在这些城市和灌溉系统的踪迹全无了，肥沃的良田很多变成了沙漠。这些原因是由于大量砍伐河流上游的森林，土地的过度使用所造成
在美国的西进运动过程中由于大量的人口涌入西部,19世纪中期的密西西比河谷地区成为“美国历史上在一代人之间把荒原变化良田的第一个例子。”美国通过西进运动，在二百多年中开发了数百万平方公里的土地。并在这些土地上建立起了现代化的农业、畜牧业、工业，这对使美国成长为世界上头号经济强国产生了决定性的影响。所以说，没有西进运动，也就没有今天的美国。
2. 对国家而言，处于原始状态的公有荒地存在哪些直接价值和潜在价值？可尝试从经济、科技、政治、军事、教育、文化等角度思考。
回答：
对于原始荒地的保存，可以保护野生动植物，免受人类的干扰，对于种族多样性有好处。对于一些野生动物生活习惯的观察，可以让我们更好的了解生物的行为，这是在动物园内的动物就不能及的。而且一些荒地保存了以前很多的地貌，保存对于地质勘探等有着无可比拟的优势。
3. 除了保持荒地原始状态之外，国家还可以利用荒地进行哪些活动？这些活动的直接价值和潜在利益有哪些？可尝试从经济、科技、政治、军事、教育、文化等角度思考。
回答：
可以将荒地开发成一个国家生态公园，就如同美国的黄石公园、中国的神龙架等。即能供游人欣赏自然美景，也能很好的保护荒地的生态环境。科研：植物学家动物学家等科学家能够进入荒地进行科研调查，对生态物种进行更多的了解。地质学家也能考察该地的地质年代开发成商业区，建立旅游胜地，或者打造成一座政治中心，或者就地进行军事武器研究等等。 网：除了保持荒地原始状态之外，国家还可以利用荒地开发土地资源，发展农业、养殖业、农产品加工业的生产，或者开发土地，发展房地产，从而获得经济效益；或者利用当地的自然资源，就近取材，建立相关植被、物种、气候方面研究的实验室；
4. 对于的荒地，应该如何平衡开发与保持原状态的利弊？请结合以上分析做判断。
回答：
应通过平衡开发和保持原始状态之间的利弊来更好的利用其资源。我们既不能一位地追求经济利益，置自然资源的不合理利用于不顾，也不能只单纯保护其原状态，而不探寻原状态下的荒地可利用的资源。比如我们可以在保持荒地基本状态的基础上，利用其珍惜物种和植被，以旅游开放的形式让公共了解原始地貌和物种，但旅游开放的程度应以不破坏原始动植物生存环境为前提
5. 国家在保持公有荒地原始状态过程中的收益是否大于付出？
回答：
国家在保持公有荒地原始状态过程中的收益从短期来看可能是小于付出的，但如果从人类和自然长期发展、自然资源潜在价值以及其影响角度来看，其付出是一定的，但所产生的长期和潜在收益却是无穷的
其他用户的回答
作文
The speaker asserts that nations should legislate to preserve any remaining wilderness
areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed
for economic gain. This statement involves a variety of issues about
morality,conscience,self-preservation,and economics.I fundamentally agree with the notion that governments should pass laws to preserve wilderness areas in their natural state.
As I see it,there are there arguments for imposing nations at least some responsibilities to protect wilderness areas.The first argument has to do culpability.According to this argument,to the extent that anthropogenic events ,such as clearing-cutting of forests and excessive hunting of animals,result in the deterioration of the environment of wilderness areas.Especially since human became the ruler of the planet due to industrialization,we have excessively exploited the resources and expanded our living space through destroying the wilderness areas where other species survived,ignoring the surviving conditions of other species. The behaviours all above are culpable since we humans are only a common species on the earth,we have no right to deprive of other species survival rights.Thus,passing laws to preserve wilderness areas is a redemption of humans.
The second argument has to do with the values of wilderness areas.Firstly,the wilderness areas have a significant meaning for researchers of biology and ecology.Researchers are willing to continue to seek the answers to the origination and evolution of life.If the governments legislate to preserve wilderness areas in their natural states,it would definitely encourage and help scientists to discovery the myth of life.In addition,wilderness areas also have economy values.Governments could legislate to build some big National Parks.Because of National Park policy,the government could not only play a vital role in protecting wilderness areas,but gain more tax revenues from the growing prosperity of the tourism industry.
The third argument is an appeal to self-protection.Wilderness areas are habitats of many species.The animal kingdom is an intricate matrix of interdependent relationship,in which each species depends on many others for its survival.If nations overlook the importance of protection for wilderness areas,turning a blind eye to the possible detrimental behaviours to wilderness areas,it may cause some a series of extinction that ultimately endanger our own survival.Additionally,the existence of wilderness areas is an indispensable requirement of biodiversity.Biodiversity provides many ecosystem services that are often not readily visible.It plays an essential part in regulation the chemistry of our atmosphere,pollinating crops and generating water supply.All above are essential for our survival.So the action that government legislate to protect wilderness areas is actually to protect ourselves.
However,the speaker? assertion is a little extreme.Firstly,there are no absolute natural wilderness areas either due to past occupation by indigenous people,or through global processes such as climate change.The term?absolute natural wilderness areas" means that places on earth are completely untouched by humanity.In addition,f a habitat is to maintained,it must include natural disturbance that are normally present,such as wildfire and grazing by wild animals.
In sum, due to redemption, the values of wilderness and self-protection. I fundamentally agree with the claims of legislature to preserve wilderness areas in their natural states.Nevertheless,to protect the biodiversity and ecosystem in wilderness maximally, some scientific manipulations by human are necessary
As I see it,there are there arguments for imposing nations at least some responsibilities to protect wilderness areas.The first argument has to do culpability.According to this argument,to the extent that anthropogenic events ,such as clearing-cutting of forests and excessive hunting of animals,result in the deterioration of the environment of wilderness areas.Especially since human became the ruler of the planet due to industrialization,we have excessively exploited the resources and expanded our living space through destroying the wilderness areas where other species survived,ignoring the surviving conditions of other species. The behaviours all above are culpable since we humans are only a common species on the earth,we have no right to deprive of other species survival rights.Thus,passing laws to preserve wilderness areas is a redemption of humans.
The second argument has to do with the values of wilderness areas.Firstly,the wilderness areas have a significant meaning for researchers of biology and ecology.Researchers are willing to continue to seek the answers to the origination and evolution of life.If the governments legislate to preserve wilderness areas in their natural states,it would definitely encourage and help scientists to discovery the myth of life.In addition,wilderness areas also have economy values.Governments could legislate to build some big National Parks.Because of National Park policy,the government could not only play a vital role in protecting wilderness areas,but gain more tax revenues from the growing prosperity of the tourism industry.
The third argument is an appeal to self-protection.Wilderness areas are habitats of many species.The animal kingdom is an intricate matrix of interdependent relationship,in which each species depends on many others for its survival.If nations overlook the importance of protection for wilderness areas,turning a blind eye to the possible detrimental behaviours to wilderness areas,it may cause some a series of extinction that ultimately endanger our own survival.Additionally,the existence of wilderness areas is an indispensable requirement of biodiversity.Biodiversity provides many ecosystem services that are often not readily visible.It plays an essential part in regulation the chemistry of our atmosphere,pollinating crops and generating water supply.All above are essential for our survival.So the action that government legislate to protect wilderness areas is actually to protect ourselves.
However,the speaker? assertion is a little extreme.Firstly,there are no absolute natural wilderness areas either due to past occupation by indigenous people,or through global processes such as climate change.The term?absolute natural wilderness areas" means that places on earth are completely untouched by humanity.In addition,f a habitat is to maintained,it must include natural disturbance that are normally present,such as wildfire and grazing by wild animals.
In sum, due to redemption, the values of wilderness and self-protection. I fundamentally agree with the claims of legislature to preserve wilderness areas in their natural states.Nevertheless,to protect the biodiversity and ecosystem in wilderness maximally, some scientific manipulations by human are necessary
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