回答： what makes a dicinple advances? 1.Big figure: know how to develop as well as conclude a outline of the past trifal contribution,which results in a blueprint for the field as well as a clear direction boothing the advacing procedure. 2.Info exchanges between scholars:the cooperation between the specialists in the same field could enhance the efficiency as well as the light of the thought,which offer a dicinple a faster pace towarding the final goal.

回答： What makes the outsider essential? Outsiders are those who're not familiar with one field's specific explanations or equations as well as the approaches generally used by the scholars in that field. Meanwhile more often than not they are equipted with thier own field major knowledge,for example the way to analysis a problem or phenomina .They probably have some board understanding of the basic facts of one field.For this reason ,they could make themself get rid of the trifle equations even general principles of that field and enlarge their mind to reshape the stucture using their own approaches and combine seemingly unrelevant two things togeter without too much limitation to generate absolutely new explanations or models ,which would probably handle a longtime unsolved probelms hence become a significant advancement.

回答： Inovation

回答： Modle the procedure as well as the essential assumption for physics.