No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.
翻译
无一例外,只有当局外人给一个领域的研究提供知识和经验的时候,这个领域的研究才会获得巨大的进步。
指导
这个题目的关键在于“局外人”这个概念的理解,以及“局外人”是否能对某个领域的研究起到重要的作用。其次,知识和经验(无论谁提供的)对于研究的作用也是可以论述的点。
1. 对于一个领域的研究来说,决定其是否能取得进展的因素有哪些?这些因素又跟什么人或者事物有关?请举例说明。
回答:
factors that affect:knowledge(in the field and related fields),research skills and methods,researchers' capabilities,hard-working,critical thinking,anaytical ability,the cost permitted.
2. 对于一个研究来说,什么是“局外人”,他们会给研究提供什么样的知识和经验?这些知识和经验的价值如何?请举例说明。
回答:
outsiders are people from fields except the current researching field.
they will bring their critical thinking,experience,knowledge of their own field,introduce new research methods.
The value depends.
Enlightment philosophers applied Newton's conception of Universe-based on Natual and rationally understandable laws-to every physical and social fields of the day.
3. 什么样的人能对某个研究起到推动作用?为什么?请举例说明。
回答:
people who have great understanding of his own field and can apply knowledge,methods,skills from other fields to their research.
Newton invent mathmatic method calculus to prove his idea of physics
4. 什么样的知识和经验能对某个研究起到推动作用?为什么?请举例说明。
回答:
Basic knowledge on math,philosophy
computer skills
research methods that can be equally applied to the field
knowledge of related fields
达芬奇为了解人体构造解剖尸体