GRE 作文题目 来源于朗播用户:lovehp
In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]
题目分析
翻译
在任何一个领域,不先被该领域中过去成就影响是不可能做出重大贡献的。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论你同意或反对这个说法达到什么程度,并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时,你需要考虑这个说法可能在哪些方面成立或者不成立,并解释你所考虑的这些东西如何体现你的观点]
指导
本题为老GRE的ISSUE84原题。题目讨论“在某领域中做出贡献”与“过去的成就”之间的关系,题目认为做出贡献必然是要受到过去成就的影响。在分析的过程中,可以分领域的去进行列举,或反例,过去成就对新贡献的正反两方面影响,以及二者之间充分性是否存在等方面展开思考。
1. 请列举任意三项伟大贡献或成就,并分析这些贡献和其所属领域中的过去成就之间有哪些联系。
回答: 1.Socrates--Plato--Aristotle 2.Galileo--Newton 3.Gregor Johann Mendel--Thoman Hunt Morgan
2. 是否存在这样的情况:某人从未没有涉足过某领域,但却作出了对该领域发展有重大意义的贡献?如果有,请举例并分析贡献是如何作出的,与哪些其他因素或人物相关。
回答: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 从未涉足过生物界,但是却凭着勤奋和对磨镜工作的喜爱,一生磨制了400多个透镜,他首次发现微生物,最早纪录肌纤维、微血管中血流
3. 在一个领域中的成就会对之后在该领域的发展以及行为和思考产生哪些影响?请举例并简述。
回答: 随着科学家破译了遗传密码,人们对遗传机制有了更深刻的认识。现在,人们已经开始向控制遗传机制、防治遗传疾病、合成生命等更大的造福于人类的工作方向前进。--mende
4. 过去的成就对新贡献有哪些影响?这些影响是否是不可替代的?如果是,请说明原因;如果不是,请给出替代过去成就的事物。
回答: 有两方面影响,积极的和消极的。消极的影响是过去的理论有可能会阻挡新理论的出现。积极影响不可替代,比如相对论的提出是物理学领域的一次重大革命。它否定了经典力学的绝对时空观,深刻地揭示了时间和空间的本质属性。它也发展了牛顿力学,将其概括在相对论力学之中,推动物理学发展到一个新的高度。 爱因斯坦在时空观的彻底变革的基础上建立了相对论力学,指出质量随着速度的增加而增加,当速度接近光速时,质量趋于无穷大。他并且给出了著名的质能关系式:E=mc^2,质能关系式对后来发展的原子能事业起到了指导作用。
其他用户的回答
作文
Without being influenced by past achievements within that field, could we succed in that field?  The author considers that only in this way that we have been influenced by past achievements within that field can we obtain a significant contribution.  Because past achievements could provide us many theory which could be profunded, that is our contributions are devide from that; Otherwise, we might lost in the research progress.  Indeed, it seems truely that past achievements could guide us when we doing research and help us to gain conribution more easy.  However, the author ignored some significant scientsts who make a significant contribution and without being influenced by past aachievements.
Actually, we can't judge the author's opinion is totally unreasonable that we could not make any significant contribution without the support of past achievements.  Truely, under the guide of theory, we could learn much clearly what we should do, and our research targets what kind of subject.  Escepcially, when we met some arcan problems during operate our research, if we haven't trained systemly, we might waste a lot of time to solve these problems; on the contury, we could avoid these problems or even we met with these problems we could solve it much faster that we didn't learn some theory in this field. Even if a amateur solve problems he met smoothly, his contibution neither had been figured out already, nor it isn't profund at all.  In the contrast, if a expert operated a research, he would probably make a significant contribution.For instance, Plato made a siginificant contribution influcenced by Socrates, also Plato has influenced strongly his students--Aristotle.
But, standing on gaints shoulder doesn't mean we can always make a significant contribution smoothly.  Because, as we all known,  if we were trained systemly, certainly, we could solve some problems easier than those amteurs, however, this progress also limited our imagination that we could think over many fabluous subjects which could obtain a considerable contribution.  Unlike technology, on the other hand, a significant contribution are relying on transcend nomal rules.  If scientists always obey past achievements and rules, many things which are common to us might dispear in nowasays.  In other words, sometimes, being strongly influenced by past achievement, we might fail to make a significant contribution.
Of cause, I'm not deny the fact that one can make a siginificant contribution within being influenced by past achievements, not even agree that without being influenced by past achievements, any one could make a blazing conrtibution. I just clearfy my statement that if one person wants to make a significant contribution in a field, escepcially in a sophicated field, it is almost impossibale to make it.  For example, Newton made a contribution that being influenced by Galileo,he constract his systematic law of classical physics, which waved whole world.  If Newton hadn't been influenced by Galileo who prove Aritotle's theory was wrong, it is diffcult to judge that whether could Newton discover gravity or not.
Even though it is almost impossible to make a significant contribution without being influenced by past achievements, some excellent scients also made a significant contribution which have a large sway on whole world.  Taking Antonie van Leeuwenhoek as an examplar, he had never been dabbled in biology, however he was the first to find microorganism by dent of his interest in rubing glass and diligent.  He made people went a step futher in studying biology, after Leeuwenhoek's finding.  What's more, David H. Levy who has an enthusiam about astronomy and he never dabbled in that field and Eugene and Carolyn Shoemaker found Shoemaker-Levy 9.
In a nutshell, in most circumstance, one couldn't make a significant contribute without being influenced by past achievements. Because as Newton said(and I phrase) standing on gaints' shoulder, we could learn much knowledge and to slove some problems when we were researching some profound researches.  However, it also could inhibit new idea that have a large wave on world.  So, making a significant contribution is not only rely on you knowledge, but also you talents, the two factors could lead to one make a considerable contribution.
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