GRE 作文题目 来源于朗播用户:乔 淼
Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]
题目分析
翻译
一些人认为:政府应该资助艺术家来帮助艺术蓬勃发展,同时让人们都能得以接触到艺术。另一些人认为:政府对艺术的资助威胁到了艺术的纯洁性。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论哪一个观点更加接近你自己的观点,并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时,你需要处理上面提到的两个观点]
指导
写一篇文章,讨论你同意或反对这个观点,以及支持观点的理由达到怎样的程度。(Claim – Reason) "本题为两道老GRE的ISSUE题目综合——ISSUE101 ""Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people""和ISSUE85 ""Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts"".本题讨论政府应当对艺术采取的行为以及其目的和作用。 第一种观点中:对于题目中的前半句,可以从政府扶持艺术的正面与负面作用以及对艺术“物质、精神”两层次的影响去展开分析。对于后半句,可以从政府行为的必要性以及人们不同的需求层次上进行论述。 第二种观点里:给出的观点认为政府资助对艺术的纯洁性造成了威胁,具有负面作用。本题的分析可以从物质需求和精神追求两个角度展开,需要注意以下三点: 1、单词解释——Integrity一词比较有争议,这里选取韦氏字典中纯洁性的解释:firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values : incorruptibility 2、逻辑关系——无论是正面作用还是负面作用,都要建立在“政府”和“艺术”之间,不要跳出限定范围。 2、选取例子——梵高等人已经被用烂了,这个题目和艺术有关,小说、电影、音乐、绘画等都可以包括,有很多事例是可以使用。"
1. 艺术的蓬勃发展需要什么基础?艺术如何让所有人都可以接触到?(可以从物质和精神两方面来思考)
回答: 1 艺术的创作者:有这样的艺术家存在 2 艺术的接受者:大家具备足够的欣赏和评价能力(以及消费能力) 3 渠道 从物质层面来说,艺术家要能过日子,就要保证通过艺术创作能养活自己。否则这种艺术就容易消亡。有的艺术本身具有市场价值,艺术家靠商业活动就能活得很好;另一些艺术市场价值不大,或者没有渠道,没有被公众普遍认识到,可能需要政府的资助才能延续 从精神层面来说,艺术要让更多人接受,就必须要让公众有艺术欣赏的能力和意愿。
2. 政府资助艺术的目的是什么?对政府有什么好处?政府资助能满足问题一中艺术的哪些需求?
回答: 保证艺术的存续,帮助艺术发展。 艺术的发展有利于提高社会的多样性,娱乐公众,减少/转移政府面临的压力。 政府资助有助于创作者的生存,和/或打开渠道方便公众了解
3. 政府资助对艺术会有哪些负作用?请结合具体事例简述。
回答: 1 艺术的政治化。政府资助艺术,就在一定程度上可以干预艺术的发展方向。比如前苏联和中国的电影。这些电影不可能或者非常难做到批判现实、批判政治。又比如有了八个样板戏以后,传统的京剧戏本和技法很多失传,一些艺术家遭到迫害。 2 艺术的多样性被破坏。
4. 艺术在获得政府资助之后,相对于之前会有什么样的变化?这些变化有哪些是正面的,哪些是负面的?
回答: 资金得到保证,向政府引导或者期望的方向发展。 正面:制作出一些确实比较精良的作品。八个样板戏就质量来说都是很好的。 负面:多样性被破坏。就剩下八个样板戏,此外就没了。
5. 是否存在为了保持艺术纯洁性而拒绝政府资助的事例?是否存在接受政府资助之后丧失艺术纯洁性的事例?如果有,请简单描述事例。
回答:
6. 艺术的纯洁性是指什么?包括那些方面?怎样的行为就属于威胁或者丧失艺术的纯洁性?
回答: 坚持自己的创作标准和道德准则可以被称为“纯洁”。 政府(包括商业性的赞助者)干预艺术创作、对艺术作品进行不必要的审查和限制,都算是威胁艺术的纯洁性。 例如,当艺术家写出歌颂独裁者的作品时,艺术显然就已经丧失了纯洁性。
其他用户的回答
作文
Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.[Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]

Generally speaking, my point of view aligns with the second position rather than the first. I think government funding of the arts does more harm than benefit to the integrity of the arts.
Amid the integrity of the arts there are values and criteria with which artists try to make their own products. And the government funding usually comes along with some policy, or at least some guideline for the artists' work, no matter implicit or explicit. Such guideline will in no doubt compromise the artists' own standard. The artists who accept the government money may get scrupled once they have anticipated that their products will go against the government. Then comes their self-censorship, which will, of course, threaten the integrity of the arts. In some countries of autocracy, the situation for arts could be even worse. For example, in former USSR, all artists were funded by government, because they can hardly survive the harsh political and economical environment without such funding. That means they became slaves of government. How could slaves, rather than independent artists, make the arts really flourish? Well, the proponents of government funding may emphasize its help for the survival of arts, especially for those genres with few audience. I admit that government money may help to saveT such "endangered arts", but for the rest of arts, especially those genres can be self-sustained, government funding will less unnecessary. Accordingly, I suggest artists stay away from government funding, unless they can not find revenue themselves to earn their bread.
Besides, I'm not sure if government funding, as its proponents have anticipated, could be able to make arts "available to all" and flourish. I doubt that government will fund some art genres if they don't conform the government's preference. Thus, some genres and styles may not survive and get lost if artists are dependent on government funding. For example, during the Cultural Revolution, the Beijing Opera, one of most flourish and popular genres in China, experienced its crush. There were only eight "paragon products" survive because of governmental sanction, others were all forbidden. I won't call it "thrive" even all of the eight paragon are really good. Neither I'll believe people will be satisfied by only those "chosen eight" without a variety of products for them to choose. What's worse, even those eight operas were not so available during that era. Ordinary people could hardly get chance to sit in a theater because the price and scarcity of tickets. It is nearly unthinkable for us today. That's to say, the government funding, if become popular, could do great harm to the integrity of arts. 
As a result, my point of view is much closer to the second group. Generally I oppose the government funding to arts due to the possible threat of it on arts' integrity. The only exception should be those genres which cannot survive in market; the government funding could help these genres to survive. And the rest, the main body of arts, are suggested to be self-fulfilled if they can. The government funding can hardly be helpful for the arts' popularity or flourish.   
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