GRE 作文题目
来源于朗播用户：刘旸
Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.]
题目分析
翻译
政府官员应该有自己的判断力，而不是毫不犹豫地执行他们所服务的民众的意愿。[说明：写一篇文章，讨论你同意或反对这个建议达到什么程度，并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时，你要描述在具体的环境中，采纳这个建议可能会有什么好处，或不会有什么好处，并解释这些例子如何体现了你的观点]
指导
本题为老GRE的ISSUE45原题微调（原题为carrying，新题为carry）。题目首先要搞清楚的是，政府官员有没有判断力与是否满足民众的意愿之间并没有必然的因果关系，因此，可以把“unquestioningly”作为切入点，思考政府官员判断力和群众意愿之间的关系。注意，尽量从宏观角度去思考政府职能，官员责任，群众特征等问题，而不要把思考范围局限在某个国家。
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1. 描述一件民众意愿没有得到政府支持的事情，并分析为什么政府不支持这件事，为什么民众有这样的意愿？
回答：
民众希望政府能够降低税收，以减缓经济危机和失业等给民众带来的经济压力，不支持原因：降低税收不能根本解决问题；而且政府很多方面需要税收来做事情，有预算，降低了就要在其他社会福利上也要减少；民众：生活压力大，对政府信息不了解，觉得政府有钱，完全可以做到
2. 民众在提出意愿的时候通常会考虑到哪些因素？这些因素会对他们的决策带来什么问题？请举例说明。
回答：
自身利益。这些因素在短期内都是向着有利于群众的方向发展的。但是长远来看，有可能导致国家衰落，最终随害了公民利益
3. 政府官员在做出决策时会考虑民众意愿么？通常他们会考虑哪些因素？请举例说明。
回答：
会考虑 会影响其竞选election compaign 对民众生活的影响，对国家政府未来的发展，所能带来的经济效益economic benefits，是否会造成环境污染等后果，社会稳定，是否有可行性feasibility，是否有经济能力来落实，是否是当前的热点问题政府最终决定对汽车排放尾气征税 levy taxes for automobile exhaust emissions ，会考虑税的多少、人民的意愿，何种程度的税可以用于清洁空气
4. 政府官员依靠自己的判断力或完全服从民众的意愿在做出决策时会有什么好处？会有什么问题？请分别举例说明。
回答：
自己，好处：政府官员一般比百姓了解的信息多，一般能够宏观地做决策，同时也有一定的前瞻性；坏处：有时候可能会走偏，不是人们想要的，不能真正解决人们的问题，使得人们反对政策，引起动乱服从民众，好处：了解人们需要什么，满足，解决人们的问题，提升人们的满意度；坏处，人们的意见不统一，甚至有相互矛盾的时候，不可能完全屈从
5. 政府的职能是什么？官员和群众分别在政府职能中充当什么样的角色？他们有什么责任和义务？请举例说明。
回答：
经济职能（宏观调控 macro-control 公平竞争公平交易trade）function 政治职能（维护国家安全to safeguard the national secrurity 社会秩序稳定 与其他国家友好关系）文化职能（发展科学技术 教育 文化 卫生体育）社会职能（保护生态环境和自然资源）发现问题并解决问题官员：管理 群众：监督 支持 合作 有义务是自己的声音被听到对于一个城市中的工厂，有人希望关掉，因为污染空气和水，而且噪音，而另外一些人觉得这样会影响经济发展，导致很多人失业，各种民众的声音传到政府官员那里，宏观照顾到多方面，可能最终把工厂迁到郊区
其他用户的回答
作文
The speaker claims that government officials should rely on their
own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the
people they serve. I concede government officials should make decisions independently
under some circumstances,especially when facing urgent
events.However,in my view,a sound system is more reliable than humans.
When facing some urgent events,such as flood,earthquakes,and invasions from enemy countries,government official should make instant decisions relying on their own judgment and responsibility.Under urgent circumstances time to find the response measures is so limited that we have no time to make clearly what the will of people is.Instead,government officials' own judgment are more helpful. Moreover,government officials are more professional in making political judgments and have more experiences in find solutions to the crisis.They can gather lots of useful information instantly,and then assemble many top specialists in related fields to analyze and solve the problems.Comparatively,the public usually have few experience in dealing with urgent events and cannot analyze problems objectively from a broad perspective. Therefore,government officials' professional judgment is more reliable when dealing with urgent events.
The claims that political leaders should rely on their own judgment might rest on the fact that genius leader will bring the public the well-beings;the way to solve problems is more quick and efficient;and the political elites are more professional in governing the country.However,fully adopting the speaker's advice may lead an unrestrained authority.And an unrestrained authority must lead a despotism,even political disasters.For instance,when the People Republic of China was founded in 1949,Ma Zedong acquired the supreme absolute power to do anything according to his will without any restrictions.And Mao incorrectly launched "Great Leap Forward" and "Cultural Revolutionary",making millions of people die of starvation and political persecution.Similarly,nowadays millions of people in North Korea governed coersively by the Kim family,die of political catastrophe.
Consequently,the above analysis might remind us of a bare fact:it is not reliable for government officials that either merely rely on their own judgment or unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people.Only making political decisions might lead an unrestrained authority,which may cause political calamity.Nevertheless,merely implementing will of the people blindly without their personal judgment may be counterproductive or detrimental to improving the well-being of the people.To get consensus over such a controversial issue,we should establish a political system which incorporates human rights,the wills of people and democracy.The overall goal of this political system is to improve the general welfare of the whole society.And this kind of sound political system is more reliable than humans.
In sum,we should affirm that sometimes government officials should rely on their own judgments more.However,a sound political system must be more reliable than humans,for anyone cannot avoid becoming a dictator after obtaining an unrestrained power.
When facing some urgent events,such as flood,earthquakes,and invasions from enemy countries,government official should make instant decisions relying on their own judgment and responsibility.Under urgent circumstances time to find the response measures is so limited that we have no time to make clearly what the will of people is.Instead,government officials' own judgment are more helpful. Moreover,government officials are more professional in making political judgments and have more experiences in find solutions to the crisis.They can gather lots of useful information instantly,and then assemble many top specialists in related fields to analyze and solve the problems.Comparatively,the public usually have few experience in dealing with urgent events and cannot analyze problems objectively from a broad perspective. Therefore,government officials' professional judgment is more reliable when dealing with urgent events.
The claims that political leaders should rely on their own judgment might rest on the fact that genius leader will bring the public the well-beings;the way to solve problems is more quick and efficient;and the political elites are more professional in governing the country.However,fully adopting the speaker's advice may lead an unrestrained authority.And an unrestrained authority must lead a despotism,even political disasters.For instance,when the People Republic of China was founded in 1949,Ma Zedong acquired the supreme absolute power to do anything according to his will without any restrictions.And Mao incorrectly launched "Great Leap Forward" and "Cultural Revolutionary",making millions of people die of starvation and political persecution.Similarly,nowadays millions of people in North Korea governed coersively by the Kim family,die of political catastrophe.
Consequently,the above analysis might remind us of a bare fact:it is not reliable for government officials that either merely rely on their own judgment or unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people.Only making political decisions might lead an unrestrained authority,which may cause political calamity.Nevertheless,merely implementing will of the people blindly without their personal judgment may be counterproductive or detrimental to improving the well-being of the people.To get consensus over such a controversial issue,we should establish a political system which incorporates human rights,the wills of people and democracy.The overall goal of this political system is to improve the general welfare of the whole society.And this kind of sound political system is more reliable than humans.
In sum,we should affirm that sometimes government officials should rely on their own judgments more.However,a sound political system must be more reliable than humans,for anyone cannot avoid becoming a dictator after obtaining an unrestrained power.
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