GRE 作文题目
来源于朗播用户:阮伟亮
Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]
题目分析
翻译
一些人认为,为了有影响力,政治领袖必需屈从于公众意见并且为了妥协而放弃原则。另一些人认为,一位有影响力的领导最重要的品质就是要对特定的原则和目标坚定不移。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论哪一个观点更加接近你自己的观点,并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时,你需要处理上面提到的两个观点]
指导
本题为老GRE的ISSUE202"Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise"和ISSUE190"The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little"的综合。在分析的过程中,可以从领导人各种行为对于坚持原则和目标的需要、不同场合情况下坚持原则和目标与被公众意见影响的利弊、成为有影响力的领导与坚持原则和目标之间的关系、如何平衡坚定原则和受公众影响两方面,以及过度倾向其中一方面之后会造成的直接或间接影响等方面展开思考。
1. 请结合具体的某位有影响力的领导人分析:在其成为领导的过程中,对特定原则和目标的坚定不移起到了什么作用?
回答:
邓小平 从1978年到1997年去世,始终坚持改革开放
1 正是由于有了改革开放 经济才开始正式发展 人们日益增长的物质文化需求 同落后的生产力之间的矛盾才得以解决
2 有人这样评价改革开放 他使中国人民过上了有尊严的生活 人民没有理由不爱戴这样的领导人 这样的领导人自然而然的有了领导力。
补个好例子
纳尔逊·罗利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉( Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela )坚持“以一个战士的名义投身于民族解放事业”他领导罢工运动,抗议和抵制白人种族主义者成立的“南非共和国”,之后曼德拉曾在牢中服刑了27年,最终曼德拉成为南非第一位黑人总统并且1993年获得诺贝尔和平奖Nobel Peace Prize。激励和促进的作用,同时还是他的斗争信念。
2. 请结合历史事实分析:是否有不屈从于大众意见的杰出领袖?他们这样做的原因是什么?
回答:
1950年 毛主席 力排众议 坚决派遣志愿军出兵朝鲜。
毛主席这样做 原因其实很简单
出兵利处极大 不出兵弊处极大
由于 出兵朝鲜 打了这一仗 结果换回了50年和平
从结果看 真的出兵利处极大 一仗换回来50年和平 出兵值了
就算 出兵没赢 用彭德怀彭老总的话说 大不了就当解放战争晚赢了几年嘛 有人民战争的汪洋大海 等着美军 输得起 ;
不出兵 美国会认为 中国仍旧是一弱国 就像清朝那样 随便在哪个沿岸架设几门大炮 就会签订不平等条约 任人宰割
美国人是怎样形容朝鲜战争的呢 撞墙记忆 什么意思呢?被中国人打疼了 中国人不好欺负了
不出兵 就不有所谓的 撞墙记忆 也就没有 50年的和平环境
所以 出兵利处极大 不出兵弊处极大。
补个例子 之最为拓展知识面 为恶俗例子 上过老杜GRE 都知道
美国购买阿拉斯加负责此购地案的美国国务卿威廉·西华德以大量金钱买下冰天雪地的阿拉斯加。当时很多美国人觉得这并不值钱,并揶揄这是“西华德的蠢事”(Seward's Folly)或“西华德的冰箱”(Seward's Icebox)、“詹森总统的北极熊花园”(Andrew Johnson's polar bear garden)。可是他讲了一句话,他说:“现在我把它买下来,也许多少年以后,我们的子孙因为买到这块地,而得到好处。
3. 在哪些情况下,“坚持原则和目标”要比“被公众意见影响”对领导人更有意义?为什么?请举例并简述。
回答:
在决定国家和民族命运时 在做国家的长远规划发展和制定国家战略时 领导人就该坚持原则和目标 而非被公众意见而影响
因为老百姓 中的大多数没有受过精英教育,没有独立思考的能力而且没有丰富的海外经历背景,看问题难免目光短浅 不深刻。
1946年 美国驻苏联大使 发回了一份电报 详细阐述了 苏联的种种弊端 并从制度上 认为美国肯定能在与苏联的竞争取得胜利,从而奠定了冷战的格局
而当时二战刚结束 美苏没有撕破脸 所以 美国驻苏联大使 对形势的准确预判 源于它的精英教育和丰富的海外背景 被誉为冷战的总设计师 为美国赢得冷战 奠定了基础。
补个analysis
领导人认为自己在长远利益上为公众谋划的计划是正确的时候。因为很有可能领导者更看重长久地影响和历史意义,并且有时会更加有远见 long-term policy or decision
公众意见 actually shortsighted and blind.
4. 在哪些情况下,因为公众意见而让自己的原则和目标妥协让步反而会更重要?为什么?请举例并简述。
回答:
1937年淞沪抗战 一线部队伤亡惨重 计划撤往二线 继续防御 老百姓不干了 认为这是不抵抗 是卖国 是汉奸行为 舆论压力 一时间使蒋介石 压力太大 打 打不过 撤 老百姓的唾沫能把你淹死 只有妥协 让步 不撤 反而让二线的十几万军队 投入一线战斗 这样才能平息舆论 让蒋介石的压力减轻并保住统治权而不至于又一次下野 在那种情况下 中国一方任何的削弱 都对日方是极为有利的
补analysis + envidence
比如在公众的意见在远期和近期都有一定的意义的时候,可以选择让自己的原则和目标妥协和让步。因为,只有获得公众的支持,领导者的领导力才能得到体现,比如在大选前期,似乎每一位总统候选人A presidential candidate都会通过获得自己选民的支持,或者做出一定的妥协而保证自己的当选,从而实现自己的原则和目标。
5. 请结合其自身特点分析并列举:政治家有哪些职责,为了满足这些职责,政治家的行为会有哪些特殊性。
回答:
美国总统 行驶权利是为了保护国家利益的职责 为了做到这点
在一些时候 就得妥协公众
越战 时的反战游行 使得尼克松不得不从白宫里出来 从而使得 美军从越战中撤军
有些时候 就得力排众议
如现任总统奥巴马 对医疗保险进行大力改革 虽然民众反对,仍对医疗保险进行大幅度削减 因为美国政府没有钱支付这项福利政策了 。
补个analysis
为社会和国家作出自己的贡献,还有改善一些社会制度,实现一些有利于社会的举措,保护一些民主权利。政治家的行为具有着多变性和灵活性,同时有社会性还有可能参杂私利性
其他用户的回答
作文
Coincident with the people concerning the
political issues is growing of the life level of the common people. I
think that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to
remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives rather
than yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.
In some situations, it is
more meaningful for the leaders to remain consistently committed to particular
principles and objectives than yield to public opinion and abandon principle
for the sake of compromise. When the leaders make the decision about the future
of nation and make the national strategy战略 of long-term development, they should
remain
consistently committed to particular
principles objectives rather than yield to public opinion and abandon principle
for the sake of compromise. Because most of the common people do not have the
education of elite, the ability of critical thinking and the rich experience of
the living in abroad, the public opinion is short-sighted and superficial. In
1946, the American ambassador to the Soviet Union
sent a telegraph to the American president. In this famous telegraph, he
elaborated assorted disadvantage of the Soviet Union and thought the United States
were to win the victory of the competition. At that moment, the World War two
was just finished and the United States
is the ally of the Soviet Union. The precise
judge of the American ambassador to the Soviet Union towards the
international context results from his education of the elite and the
rich experience 经历
in abroad. So he is called main designer of the Cold War and provides the base
for that the United States
won the Cold War. Many basic policy of nation made by the leaders are according
to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives rather
than be influenced by public opinion, such as the policy of restraining the
population growing and the police of protecting the farm land of China.
In the course of becoming an
effect leader, it is an important impact factor that he insists on the
particular principles and objectives. Deng Xiaoping is a prime example of this.
He remained consistently committed to reforming and opening policy from 1978 to
1997 when he had been away. Just because of the reforming and opening up, the
economy of China
really develops from then on. The problem, the divergence between the material
and cultural need of rapid growing and out-dated ability of producing, is
solved. And someone evaluates the reforming and opening up:“ It makes Chinese live a respectful life.
"People have no reason to not support a leader like him and this leader
has an effective force naturally.
Since many leaders in the world remain
constantly committed to the particular principles and objectives, they become
effective leaders, such as the Lincoln president
of the United States.
In the history, there is the
extraordinary leader who compromised the public opinion. Mao Zedong President
of China
is a good example of this. In 1950, Mao Zedong insisted to send Chinese army
into Korea
in spite of the opposition from many people. The reason of Mao Zedong's decision
is simple: the benefits of sending army into Korea
is great and disadvantage of not sending army into Korea is great. The result of
sending army into Korea is
the peace of 50 years of China.
If China does not send army into Korea, the United States thinks China is still
a weak country like Qing period that if any one sets several canon on the
seashore of China, China will surrender just now. American scribes that the
Korea war is a memory of crashing into 撞 the wall. It means that Americans are
beaten hurt by Chinese and feel Chinese are not like sleep 绵羊 which are killed if they want. If China did not send army into the Korea, there
will be not the memory of crashing into the wall and there will be also not the
peace environment for 50 years. So the benefit of sending army into Korea is huge and disadvantage of not sending
army into Korea
is huge. Actually, many great leaders remain constantly committed to the
particular principles and objectives, such as Lincoln insisting on canceling the slavery.
Although it has many
advantages that leaders remain constantly committed to the particular
principles and objectives, in some situations, it is more important that
leaders yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of
compromise. For example, in the early time of the Unite States, the president
did not set the slaves free in order to keep the nation complete. But I
think that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to
remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives rather than
yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.