GRE 作文题目
来源于朗播用户：孙熙领
To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
题目分析
翻译
要成为一个有效的领导，他必须具有最高的伦理和道德标准。
指导
本题讨论有效的领导与伦理道德标准之间的关系，提出了一个必要性命题（必须要具有最高伦理道德标准才会是有效地领导）。题目有两个易混信息点：effective和highest ethical and moral standards，两个正面的词用来形容同一个人，就像是现在的父母总是对孩子说：“你长大之后要出人头地，现在就要好好学习”。但是否一定要好好学习才能出人头地？由此即可展开对本题的思路，相对来说反对题目的写法是大家经常采用的。此题难点在于对“effective”和“highest ethical and moral standards”的解释以及衔接上，在分析的时候需要注意。
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1. 如何评价领导是否有效？在一位领导会涉及的各个方面，有效是以什么样的形式表现出来的？是否存在一个衡量的标准？请结合具体事例简述。
回答：
是否做出了对人们有益地事情。会从业绩方便表现出来。有可能是经济有可能是稳定。衡量标准就是与之前地状况进行对比。比如，我们在评价管财政的领导的时候，可以把他在位时的经济和前任对比，如果经济稳定，发展良好，那么我们可以认为这个领导很给力。
2. 领导的有效性由哪些因素共同决定？这些因素中哪些是最关键的？
回答：
领导的能力，执行力，下属。领导的能力最重要，如果领导有能力做好，则很有可能成为一个优秀的领导。
3. 在一个人成为领导的过程以及之后的工作中，有哪些必经之路？这些必经之路上会存在哪些考验？克服这些考验需要什么样的实力和品质？
回答：
熟悉环境，疏通人脉，明确目标，执行政策。熟悉环境时可能是不是自己专业的东西，从来没有接触过；疏通人脉的时候，可能遇到和自己意见不一致的人；明确目标，执行政策的时候则可能没有应对方法。
需要一个人有极强的学习能力，极好的人际关系和沟通能力，以及极强的原则性。
4. 极高的道德标准会给一个领导带来哪些好处？又会带来哪些坏处？
回答：
好处是领导的口碑很好，群众的评价很好。坏处是可能在处理一些事情的时候拘于小节，例如，发生严重的事件时，有可能在思考要不要告诉人们。
5. 一个不具备极高道德标准的人能否成为有效的领导？如果有，请举例并简单分析其成功与道德的关系。
回答：
能，克林顿，有性丑闻，但是不妨碍他成为美国最受欢迎的总统之一。其成功主要表现在经济上，在其当总统的8年，美国的经济实现的前所未有的连续增长。原因是克林顿的经济政策好，以及互联网良好的发展环境。
其他用户的回答
作文
I believe that to be an effective leader, a public official has no need to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. It is no wonder that a public official must maintain a certain level of ethical and standards. But it doesn't mean that a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. And it also doesn't correspond to that the highest ethical and moral standards is a prerequisite for being an effective leader.
First of all, according to the currently accepted viewpoint, to maintain an effective leader, ethical and moral standards of public official must remain in a better level. Only in this way, public officials will seek through various means to protect interests of people. Because better ethical and moral standards render a duty of work to service for people. Washington present a relative case for this viewpoint. Washington who served as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War is considered to be the precursor and leader of the American Revolutionary War. After the expiry of the presidential term, he chose not to continue served as president. He protected the democracy for American people. If Washington wanted to be a dictator, he had the power to continue served as president. It is just his better ethical and moral standards that determined his democratic choice. Democracy is the basis whereby people can enjoy the relatively freedom. This is an excellent example of why public official must have a better ethical and moral standards.
Secondly, a public official has no need to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards in oder to be an effective leader. An evaluation for public official involves lead capability and communication capability as well as judge capability and ethical and moral standards. So ethical and moral standards is just one of these facts. Many characteristics in these capabilities is more important than ethical and moral standards. For example, the most noticeable duty of an financial official is economic task and the most noticeable duty of teacher is education task. Bill Clinton present a relative case for this viewpoint. Bill Clinton is one of the most youngest and successful president in the United States. He involved in a sex scandal and this affair led to his impeachment over charges of lying under oath and obstructing justice. But people consider him as one of the most successful presidents in the United States because of his economic achievement. In his president term, the development of American economy was accelerated continuously for eight years. And this is an excellent example of why the highest ethical and moral standards is not necessary for an effective leader.
Without ethical and moral standards, public official may don't serve for public. But ethical and moral standards are not the only two characteristics for an effective leader. And there is no need to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
First of all, according to the currently accepted viewpoint, to maintain an effective leader, ethical and moral standards of public official must remain in a better level. Only in this way, public officials will seek through various means to protect interests of people. Because better ethical and moral standards render a duty of work to service for people. Washington present a relative case for this viewpoint. Washington who served as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War is considered to be the precursor and leader of the American Revolutionary War. After the expiry of the presidential term, he chose not to continue served as president. He protected the democracy for American people. If Washington wanted to be a dictator, he had the power to continue served as president. It is just his better ethical and moral standards that determined his democratic choice. Democracy is the basis whereby people can enjoy the relatively freedom. This is an excellent example of why public official must have a better ethical and moral standards.
Secondly, a public official has no need to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards in oder to be an effective leader. An evaluation for public official involves lead capability and communication capability as well as judge capability and ethical and moral standards. So ethical and moral standards is just one of these facts. Many characteristics in these capabilities is more important than ethical and moral standards. For example, the most noticeable duty of an financial official is economic task and the most noticeable duty of teacher is education task. Bill Clinton present a relative case for this viewpoint. Bill Clinton is one of the most youngest and successful president in the United States. He involved in a sex scandal and this affair led to his impeachment over charges of lying under oath and obstructing justice. But people consider him as one of the most successful presidents in the United States because of his economic achievement. In his president term, the development of American economy was accelerated continuously for eight years. And this is an excellent example of why the highest ethical and moral standards is not necessary for an effective leader.
Without ethical and moral standards, public official may don't serve for public. But ethical and moral standards are not the only two characteristics for an effective leader. And there is no need to maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.
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