回答： When 1752, Franklin conducting the dangerous Kite Experiment, trying to dicover the essence of electricity, he has no sense of how much would the electricity change human life that radically, but he still risked his life doing that. For those scientists whose aim is not for some practical use of the scientific outcomes, the value of research lies in doing scientific reserach itself, discovering the true essence of the world and meeting the curiosity of human beings. However, these researches, without any practical use at that time, provide the theorotical fundation of the consequent researches, facilliating many inspiring inventions as bulb, television, computer. Researching electricity is something with unclear consequences, but no one can deny the tremendous value of that.

回答： 1.contribute to the society and improve the social benefits, the responsibility of researchers who build the science framework. 如:the celebrated artistic historian Erwin Panofsky. He never stopped his research on artistic history even when persecuted bu Nazi during the World War Two, and finally made great success in graphics, awarded the paradigm of artistic historians of the 20th century. 2.curiosity and craving for the research. Darwin, who promoted the evolution theory , was just a naughty boy who dropped school and spent time with animals and plants in the forests. When he determined to devote himself in biology and observe those creatures, he did not realize that what he would promote will hitherto change the research field of biology.

回答： 1.positive can achieve social benefits and trade off the costs. Yahoo found the potential benefits and usage of search engine and utilize the algorithm or searching, soon making itself the once most successful internet campany. 2.such fixation may narrow the field of research and we may not be able to enjoy as wonderful technology achievments as present. eg.electricity

回答： Scientific research is a process of exploring the unknown, about which we can only make predictions, impossible to take any factors into account. The science discovery itself is a process of assumption and experimental research, we may never exactly know what is to come into being before the research.

回答： may lead to unexpected results. The original purpose may not be achieved, but there may be unexpected harvest, as the discovery of Penicillin. Alexander Fleming was carrying out an experiment on bacteria and when he left for the weekend, a technician left a window open and by some chance, a spore drifted in and contaminated one of his pertri dishes. When he came back, a mold had grown and was destroying a colony of staphylococci. That is how the research of Penicillin, the most efficient medicine in the 20th century started.