[Claim] In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. [Reason] The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.]
翻译
[观点] 在任何领域——商业,政治,教育,政府——那些领导者在五年以后都应该下台。
[理由] 通过新的领导者来引发新的活力是让事业获得成功的最有效的方法。
[说明] 写一篇文章,讨论你同意或反对这个观点,以及支持观点的理由达到怎样的程度。
指导
本题改编自老GRE的ISSUE70"In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership"。题目的论述默认了一个前提,即在五年内,领导者会让所在的单位缺乏活力。因此,你以从几个方面来进行思考:一是造成事业缺乏生机和活力的原因有哪些,二是通过更换领导是否一定会给事业注入新的活力,三是有哪些方法会给事业带来新的变革和活力,四是更换领导者在哪些行业会带来新的活力。这个题目重点是论述领导者和一项事业是否具有活力之间的关系,不要纠结于类似“五年”这样的数据中,当然,也可以就“五年”是否会让一个单位失去活力,而更换领导是否可以解决来发表看法。
1. 描述一个曾经很辉煌,而后来失去了活力的机构(企业,政府等),并分析它失去活力的原因。这些原因是否与领导者有关系?
回答:
诺基亚。领导者在苹果手机刚出来时,进行了一番两种手机的对比,认为苹果没有竞争力,因而没有开始与苹果竞争。决策失误,对消费市场的判断失误。中国牛奶,被发现有害物质,领导者主动指示还是疏于检测?
Most of the times, the leader of an enterprise is the main engine of a enterprise. However, there are many other reason might lead to the deterioration. For example, the shock in demand, a very strong competitor, or simply policy changes. We cannot argue that all the reasons that an enterprise goes downhill have something to do with its leader.
2. 导致事业失去活力的原因有哪些?哪些原因跟领导者有关系?有什么关系?请举例说明。
回答:
没有创新,市场定位不准确,技术水平下降。However, the more commonly seen case is a company goes downhill during the fierce competition with its market competitors.
Sometimes a new leader is really helpful for an enterprises's revitalisation. After a long period of being in the leading position, it's highly possible that the leader of the enterprise would start being more satisfied about the current situation and starting being afraid of losing the existing achievements that they achieved in early days. If that is the case, changing a new leader would break this situation and bring the enterprise into a more aggressive situation again by new policies, new strategies and less fear of losing previous achievements.
3. 更换新的领导会给事业发展带来什么好处和什么弊端?在一定时间内更换领导对哪些行业更有好处?请举例说明。
回答:
带来新的方法和思想,也能更加客观地看出上一任的优缺点。
弊端:政策不连贯,总是换方向,越搞越乱。
Of course changing leaders might have some good effects on enterprise. However, the benefit of new leaders are varied among different industries and fields.
Some big enterprise would grown a "relationship net" among the executive members of the enterprises. It is very possible that some "rent-seekers" would take advantage of the static situation and plot to get some benefit for themselves. A new incoming leader would bring changes to the inner relationship framework and break "rent seeker"' secret hope, and "clean out" the corrupted behaviour to some extent.
4. 对一个领导者的领导水平的评判应该考虑哪些因素?是否能因为企业失去了活力就让他/她下台?请举例说明。
回答:
If the reason that the enterprise starts deteriorating is that its leaders make mistake on very critical things such as market strategies, how much and what product to produce, or executive decisions on leadership positions, as long as there are more capable person that can take over the leadership position, the enterprise should change its leader. However, if the two conditions cannot be fulfilled, I personally don't think it's wise to change the leader of this company,
5. 要让事业充满活力,可以有哪些手段和方法?请举例说明。
回答:
Improve the institutional structure in an enterprise, improve efficiency pf decision making and reduce the possibility of approving a wrong decision. Having more good employees. Seek for the incentives of innovation. Create good enterprise culture.