Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.]
翻译
政府不应该去资助任何预期结果不明确的科学研究 。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论你对于这个政策的观点,并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时,你需要考虑这个政策生效以后可能带来的结果,并解释这些结果如何支持了你的观点]
指导
本题改编自老GRE的ISSUE44"Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear"。题目实际上是讨论结果不明确的科学研究是否有价值,是否应该获得政府支持的问题。分析的重点应该是两个:一是研究结果的确定性是否和研究的价值有关系;二是政府投资应该考虑哪些问题。
1. 描述一个结果并不确定的研究内容,并分析这一研究是否有价值,为什么?
回答:
比如说研究经济领域的通货膨胀对某一特定国家的经济增长的影响的问题,这个结果是不能确定的,但这一研究是有价值的,因为这种研究更加基于现实,同时能够理解通货膨胀的实际作用,以及经济增长的发展趋势,正是由于这种不确定,才有实际价值.
2. 从政府角度出发,判断某一研究是否有价值的依据有哪些?
回答:
该领域的主要方面the policy making & capability of reference such as in such crucial areas as economy, law, politics the medical field and other areas. long-term development in some high technology combining with the strategies of a nation.
3. 描述一个国家支持的研究项目,其结果在研究前是不确定的。分析研究后产生的结果给国家带来了什么好处和问题。
回答:
for example, the manhattan project, the internet, for the military use in communication, and the result of these projects is not definit and ensured, because no one will know the consequence of these project can become. the benefit of these programs or plans: the outcome can be used both in military area and the civilian life. the widely spead of the internet great convenience for the whole society. problem, the information flood and the safety and privacy of personal life have been linked so easily on the internet.
4. 科学研究通常会给国家、社会和人类带来什么好处和问题?请举例说明。
回答:
benefits: the general well being of individuals has been improved, such as the medicine research in medical field, the genetic research in the genetics, and the power plant, the nuclear power. the internet
problems: the pollution of the environment caused by the factory of high-technology, the pollution of the power plant, the nuclear deterrent and the cold war between two powerful nations