GRE 作文题目 来源于朗播用户:chenya
Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.]
题目分析
翻译
政府不应该去资助任何预期结果不明确的科学研究 。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论你对于这个政策的观点,并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时,你需要考虑这个政策生效以后可能带来的结果,并解释这些结果如何支持了你的观点]
指导
本题改编自老GRE的ISSUE44"Government should not fund any scientific research whose consequences, either medical or ethical, are unclear"。题目实际上是讨论结果不明确的科学研究是否有价值,是否应该获得政府支持的问题。分析的重点应该是两个:一是研究结果的确定性是否和研究的价值有关系;二是政府投资应该考虑哪些问题。
1. 描述一个结果并不确定的研究内容,并分析这一研究是否有价值,为什么?
回答: AIDS病的治疗。有价值,因为全球艾滋病患者有大幅度上升的趋势,应该尽早研究出来治疗方案。 火星上是否可以住人。有价值,研究成功,人类就可以搬过去;不成功,人类对于火星的了解又更进一步。 cloning 有价值。1、保护濒危生物2、器官移植
2. 从政府角度出发,判断某一研究是否有价值的依据有哪些?
回答: 是否对人类生活和生存有意义;例如对疾病的研究,对外太空的探索,对生物进化的研究等。 是否对国家发展和经济建设有意义;例如对核能的研究,对武器的研究,对经济局势的预测。 是否对保护地球的生态环境有意义。例如对气候的研究,对地震、海啸等自然灾害的预测研究,对濒危物种的研究。 即是否有利于国家发展,经济繁荣,自然和谐,人民生活提高。
3. 描述一个国家支持的研究项目,其结果在研究前是不确定的。分析研究后产生的结果给国家带来了什么好处和问题。
回答: for example, the manhattan project, the internet, for the military use in communication, and the result of these projects is not definit and ensured, because no one will know the consequence of these project can become. the benefit of these programs or plans: the outcome can be used both in military area and the civilian life. the widely spead of the internet great convenience for the whole society. problem, the information flood and the safety and privacy of personal life have been linked so easily on the internet. DNA技术的研究最初是不确定的。 研究后,好处:促进了农业产量的提高和疾病的治愈。问题:克隆技术的产生,受到了道德舆论的压力,使用在人类身上会造成社会混乱。 国家资助一个探测地震的项目,研究前结果并不确定,不知道是否真的能找出预测地震的方法,但在研究后,科学家们尝试了各种各样的方法,不只在预测地震上大有进步,同时还在地质勘探等方面取得了进步
4. 科学研究通常会给国家、社会和人类带来什么好处和问题?请举例说明。
回答: 科学研究能够促进国家的发展,科技是第一生产力。例如造纸印刷术的发明,为人们的生活带来了方便,但是也带来了树木砍伐过度的问题。工厂里的及其流水作业的生产方式,提高了生产质量和效率,带来的问题是不再需要很多人力,导致一部分工人失业。 科学研究能够使社会进步,促进精神文明建设,对自然更加了解。eg考古学研究,帮助了解社会发展的历史和足迹,探索不同时期的文化。对全球气候的研究,温室效应的研究,警示人们要保护环境。对自然灾害的预测研究,帮助人类预警较为严重的自然灾害。而人工降雨的实行,虽然解决了有些地区的干旱,但是也在一定程度上破坏了自然的一些规律,可能导致不可预测的生态失衡的后果。 提高人民生活水平。eg对治愈疑难杂症的药物的研究,对高科技医学技术的研究,可能存在潜在的副作用,转基因&克隆&准分子治疗;卫星定位的研究,问题是人们不在有隐私,无论在哪都能被定位;互联网、通信技术的研究,电脑手机的发明,使生活便利,但同时疏远了人们之间的关系,直接交流变少了;辐射大危害人体健康。
其他用户的回答
作文
Scientific researches include studies on many aspects, such as history, high technology, environment, biology and so on. Any scientific exploration, whether it will result in clear consequence or not, may turn out to benefit our society and life. Thus, government should not decide the devotion to one scientific research merely based on its predictable consequence. In other words, 
It is unreasonable to presumptuously connect one research's value to its possible outcome. Not every study have a certain result, but we may recognize that some researches with uncertainty are worthy and need to be well funded. For example, medical scientists are now finding methods to fight against AIDS, whose treatment has not been completely discovered. Even though the future of this research is unanticipated and we do not know the existence of such methods, it is worthwhile to give hope to the patients as well as other people in the world. As a consequence, researchers are trying their best to do their research on AIDS and the government's auspices are always adequate. On the other hand, researches having clear result may cause some drawbacks. Studies on DNA make it possible that agricultural production has been increased with the innovative transgenic technology. Another creative technique called clone origins some moral issues in the society in spite of its highly noteworthy to scarce species reproduction.
Apart from one research's predictable results, government should take some other factors into account to determine whether or not to invest the research. First and foremost, scientific studies on aviation and aerospace can make a nation more confident on its comprehensive strength, which is fundamental to compete with other nations. In addition, prediction research on some natural disasters, such as earthquakes and tsunamis, are undoubtedly of great value. Although scientists may not find accurate ways to alert an earthquake, they may find probable predictable phenomenons and be aware of the geology and topography of some places where the seismic possibility is higher than other places. Last but not least, the influence one study or invention may have on people's life would also be a significant aspect for the government to consider. Computers intensively improve human's life: we use MSN or Facbook to communicate and share our life instead of face to face chatting, and email turns out to be a more efficient way to send a letter. However, the first computer was designed just to do computing works with lots of data, and people at that time would not know present computers' various amazing applications.
If government do not fund any scientific research whose consequence is unsure and thus not valuable, many scientists will be diffident about their work. They may have many creative but "less worthy" ideas about their research field, which would not be sponsored by government. As a result, many talented researcher will give up their exploration because of no assistance, which is harmful for the development of science as well as the advancement of nations and societies.
Granted that funding some researches with no clear results may result in waste of money and devotion. Nevertheless, such situations are seldom and we can not deny some valuable things appearing in the process of these researches. In conclusion, scientific explorations, whether its consequence is certain or not, may be proved to benefit the researchers' further study as well as our society and life. Thus, it is necessary for government to evaluate a scientific project or research in a comprehensive way, and then decide the amount of its devotion.
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