GRE 作文题目
来源于朗播用户：蜗牛
In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]
题目分析
翻译
在任何情况下，进步都需要在持有对立观点的人们中展开讨论。[说明：写一篇文章，讨论你同意或反对这个说法达到什么程度，并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时，你需要考虑这个说法可能在哪些方面成立或者不成立，并解释你所考虑的这些东西如何体现你的观点]
指导
本题讨论对立观点对进步的意义的问题，题目认为进步好的方式是和持有对立观点的人们讨论。题目改编自老GRE的ISSUE209 "Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of view" 类似的题目有老GRE的ISSUE122 "We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to people who have disagreed"，和ISSUE1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning"。在分析的过程中，可以从讨论过程中产生的正负面意义和直接间接效果、进步需要的条件、不同领域的不同情况等方面展开思考。需要注意的是题目在讨论“最佳方式”的问题，可以给出其他方式，但不能无视题目限定的范围（和对立观点以及讨论相关）而岔开话题自说自话。
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1. 请列举自己身边或者历史上因为持有对立观点而相互讨论使得某问题或学说取得进步的事例，分析因为观点对立而引发的讨论起到的作用。
回答：
★物理学界在19世纪末对light的认识产生了两种相反的看法，以爱因斯坦(Einstein)为代表的科学家认为光是粒子性(particles nature) 的，而经典物理学(classical physics)则认为光是波动性(wave nature)的。并且，双方都提出了充足的理由证明自己的正确性，使得这一争执持续了很久。最终，科学家们在争论中意识到，光是同时具有粒子性和波动性的，波粒二象性(wave-particle duality)也就被发现了。
2. 和持有相对立观点的人进行讨论，对自己原有的观点有哪些意义？请举例并简述。
回答：
1.可以了解自己的想法有哪些不足，和对方争论时，如果没法反驳对方对自己的反驳，说明自己的观点有一定的缺陷性；
2.如果没有办法找出可以反驳对方观点的依据basic，说明自己的观点weaker，需要继续补充，使自己的理论更具有说服力或者发现自己的更多的不足，而看清事实本质
3. 对于不同时期和学科的观点，和持有相对立观点的人进行讨论是否存在负作用？请结合具体事例阐述。
回答：
有。信仰不同，或者历史的遗留问题的对立，会引发战争。
★但是，当讨论双方的观点跨越了不同的领域时，进行如此的讨论则将有一定的负影响。比如巴勒斯坦（Palestine）和以色列（Israel）之间的矛盾不仅仅是国家、政治的矛盾，还涉及民族（nation）、宗教（religious）的对立。而民族、宗教的对立观点是不可能通过讨论解决的，相反，如果两国讨论如此敏感的话题，得到的将不是谅解，恰恰相反，两国的矛盾将更加尖锐，甚至可能爆发战争。
4. 哪些其他方法同样可以使得自己的观点取得进步？相对于和持有相对立观点的人进行讨论，这些方法是否更有效？请举例并简述。
回答：
1.争论往往是根据现有的发现进行表面上的争论，而更加深入的研究自己的观点，可能可以比争论的结果取得更大的科学进步，推动科学的发展。
2.与自己观点相同的人进行讨论，并发现自己没有注意到的别人有注意到的问题，对于同一个问题，不同的人有不同的观点，there are a thousand Hemlets in a thousand people's eyes,却可以支持同一个结论，于这样的人讨论，有助于完善自己的理论。
其他用户的回答
作文
With the development of the society, people's points of view are trending to be more diversity than ever before. When mentioned the fields of the acknowledge of science which we human are not understand throughly, the constracts are always absolutely unavoidable. Although we gain progress during some of the contrasts, it is premature to say that in any situation the contrasting points are required by the progress.
In some conditions, such as physics, the contrasts are turely pushing the progress sometimes. In the 19 century, for example, when some physists repertented by Einsten held the view that the light is particles nature, the classical physics presisted in that the light is wave naure. The debate lasted for a long period of time, as a result, the physists found that the light has the nature both of wave and particles which is wave-particles duality. It is undeniable that the wave-particles duality is a big progress in the field of physics, and the contrast really contributed to the final conclusion. Debating between the different points of view sometimes can bring another aspect of thinking when both sides have supported evidence. And people who presisit theirs but willing to receive the new points will also benefit from the people of the opposite side.
Nevertheless, in some situaions, the contrasts may bring no good but harm. When presented the problems between nation and nation, government and governmant, and religion beliefs and religion belief, the contrasts usually carry the confliects even the wars. Take Palestine and Israel for instance, the contradiction between them is not only the problem of politic, but involve the conflicts of religion and nation. In this case, the contrast is a deterioration rather than a progress. The contrast between religion and nation cannont be eliminated throough discuss, on the contrary, if they kept disscussing the sensitive topics like these, they would never get conciliate but evoke a shaper question and even lead to a war. In this case, some contrasts are not a progress among people's different views.
When considering the different situations we have discussed above, whether the contrast brings progress or not depends on the different aspect of the the final result. In the fileds of science, sharing different ideas and debating the points sometimes can inspire an innovation point which is never be thought but is the final answer. In some debates, we can find the deflects in our own points and get an opportunity to revise ti. To solve a problem, however, different people have different methods which means that there is a thousands of Hamlets in a thoudans of people's eyes. Yet in the other aspects which the problem will never be solved by contrast, the conciliation will never come by the conflicts. To weaken the problems and to understand each other maybe the best way to progress.
Overall, the goal we presure is the develpment of the society. If the contrasts led to a higher level of thinking which we never concern, they would be welcomed; if the contrasts brought the conflicts which do not have a right answer, they should be unwelcomed. It depends on various situations.
In some conditions, such as physics, the contrasts are turely pushing the progress sometimes. In the 19 century, for example, when some physists repertented by Einsten held the view that the light is particles nature, the classical physics presisted in that the light is wave naure. The debate lasted for a long period of time, as a result, the physists found that the light has the nature both of wave and particles which is wave-particles duality. It is undeniable that the wave-particles duality is a big progress in the field of physics, and the contrast really contributed to the final conclusion. Debating between the different points of view sometimes can bring another aspect of thinking when both sides have supported evidence. And people who presisit theirs but willing to receive the new points will also benefit from the people of the opposite side.
Nevertheless, in some situaions, the contrasts may bring no good but harm. When presented the problems between nation and nation, government and governmant, and religion beliefs and religion belief, the contrasts usually carry the confliects even the wars. Take Palestine and Israel for instance, the contradiction between them is not only the problem of politic, but involve the conflicts of religion and nation. In this case, the contrast is a deterioration rather than a progress. The contrast between religion and nation cannont be eliminated throough discuss, on the contrary, if they kept disscussing the sensitive topics like these, they would never get conciliate but evoke a shaper question and even lead to a war. In this case, some contrasts are not a progress among people's different views.
When considering the different situations we have discussed above, whether the contrast brings progress or not depends on the different aspect of the the final result. In the fileds of science, sharing different ideas and debating the points sometimes can inspire an innovation point which is never be thought but is the final answer. In some debates, we can find the deflects in our own points and get an opportunity to revise ti. To solve a problem, however, different people have different methods which means that there is a thousands of Hamlets in a thoudans of people's eyes. Yet in the other aspects which the problem will never be solved by contrast, the conciliation will never come by the conflicts. To weaken the problems and to understand each other maybe the best way to progress.
Overall, the goal we presure is the develpment of the society. If the contrasts led to a higher level of thinking which we never concern, they would be welcomed; if the contrasts brought the conflicts which do not have a right answer, they should be unwelcomed. It depends on various situations.
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