GRE 作文题目 来源于朗播用户:乔 淼
As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]
题目分析
翻译
人们越来越多的依赖于靠科技解决问题,人类自我思考的能力一定会衰退。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论你同意或反对这个说法达到什么程度,并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时,你需要考虑这个说法可能在哪些方面成立或者不成立,并解释你所考虑的这些东西如何体现你的观点]
指导
本题为老GRE的ISSUE66原题。题目讨论科技对人类影响的话题,题目分为两部分:第一部分陈述了一个大家都接受的事实——“人们越来越多的依赖于靠科技解决问题”;第二部分以这个事实为基础,给出了“依赖于科技必然会降低人类自我思考能力”的判断。题目不难理解,相关事例也有很多,分析时应当注意以下两点: 1、论述中始终要与“人们的自我思考能力”以及“解决问题”相关联,无论是讨论科技的正面作用还是负面作用,都应当以“有利于自我思考”或“有碍于自我思考”为方向。 2、可以静止独立的去对比分析,同时也可以采用动态发展的眼光去分析,影响程度的变化以及新情况的出现都可能会对判断产生影响。
1. 人们在平时的生活、工作、学习的过程中,都面对哪些问题?解决这些问题的方法都有什么?请结合具体事例简述。
回答: 问题1:如何控制外在因素的影响?解决的方法:借助科学知识深入了解世界并进行干预。 例如我们的祖先进行农业生产时,因为对自然的了解有限,只能靠天吃饭,对诸如气候等造成的影响没有很好的应对方法;现代人类则可以借助成体系的科学知识,在一定程度上预测甚至避免自然灾害造成的影响。 问题2:如何降低人类本身的劳动负担并提高效率?解决的方法:使用机械设备代替人力本身。同上例,现代人类依靠引擎驱动的机械设备而不是纯粹的人力进行生产,减少对劳动力的依靠,一个人驾驶一台设备可以完成以前成百上千人的工作。
2. 人们解决问题的方法在科技帮助下,在哪些方面得到了改进和突破?和原方法相比有了怎样的提高?效果如何?请结合具体事例简述。
回答: 1 减少了非人为因素的影响。以农业为例,史前人类只能刀耕火种,遇到气候变化只能祈祷神帮忙。古代人类学会了修筑灌溉系统和挖井,一定程度上缓解了气候灾害造成的破坏。现代人类运用卫星等手段进行天气预报,追踪气候变化的规律,提前采取应对措施,相比史前人类极大地减少损失。 2 提高了生产效率。同上。由此一来,专门从事农业生产的人减少,其他人可以从事工业、科学、文化、艺术等领域的工作。
3. 人类的自我思考的能力在什么场合或者情况下会被用到?要思考哪些问题?请结合具体事例简述。
回答: 1 我们如何改进现有的工具?史前人类一开始狩猎的时候只能扔石头砸动物,为了能让石头投掷得更准、杀伤力更强,他们设法打磨石块使其成为合适的形状,就有了最原始的石器。现代人类需要精确预报天气,就把摄像和监测设备安装在卫星上,实现对大气运动的全天候观测。 2 我们能利用工具去解决哪些新的问题?同样是智能手机,有人只懂得利用它打电话发短信。有人则利用它做闹钟、行事历、备忘录,安装各种app来辅助他的工作。同样的工具,如果我们不加以主动思考,就无法进一步发挥它的潜力。
4. 科技能否代替思考能力?如果能,请举例;如果不能,为什么?
回答: 很大程度上不能。科技只能代替人类在一定程度上进行记忆和运算。对于更加复杂的问题,科学技术不可能取代人类思考的能力。现代科学技术的任何产品都不能像人一样主动感知、综合信息、进行分析并提出问题。同时,这些科学产物本身不具备足够的自主适应和再创造能力。我们的智能手机固然可以作为备忘录来使用,但如果我们不主动意识到这一点并自己去使用它,它不能“自发地”帮助我们做到这一点。
5. 有哪些原因会导致人类自我思考能力衰退?这些原因有哪些是科技造成的?思考能力的衰退与科技之间存在必然联系么?
回答: 1 懒惰。人类自己不愿意思考。总是不思考,这种能力就会下降。 2 衰老或疾病。 懒惰和科技的发展存在一定的关联。但没有必然联系。科学技术让现代人类无需像古代人类一样机械记忆和运算,这部分被解放出来的空间恰恰也可以被投入到思考中,也许还可以增加人类的自我思考能力。
其他用户的回答
作文
As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.
 [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]
Living in a era of rapid development, someone like the author become increasingly worried about the possible negative consequence of so-called "technology reliance". Generally speaking, I disagree the point that humans' ability to think for themselves will in no doubt deteriorate when relying more and more on technology. In my opinion, technology itself could, to a great extent, make us able to better utilize our ability of thinking.
Development of technology offers solutions for some problems, which onetime prevent us to excel our thinking ability. For example, Alzheimer's disease, a disease that cause deterioration of mental ability because of progressive atrophy of central nervous system, could be somewhat prevented or mitigated by modern technology. Thus, in modern society, a senior of 70 or 80 years old may continue to be resourceful; it was nearly unthinkable for our ancestors. In this case, I'd like to say the technology enhances, rather than prevents, the ability of thinking. 
Moreover, technology makes available some modern products, which serve to emancipate humans from rote computing or memorizing work, thus makes more complicated and advanced thinking available for us. Centuries or millennium ago, our ancestors, without any electronic devices, had to remember everything by taking notes, or just by keeping them in their memory. Since memory and document are susceptible to decay or lose, it took them much time to fortify the remembrance or transcript the documents. However, with computers, PDA's and electronic databases, people of present do not need to keep these information in their heads. The cutting-edge devices undertake this job for us. Therefore, we spare much more time and energy for the creative job. And that is one reason that the development of science and technology in the past decade could be more rapid than ever. 
Some opponents may be afraid of the possibility that technology make people become "lazy". They argue that with these modern technological products, someone will do nothing, giving up their responsibility to think themselves. Well, how could it be possible for anyone to use the modern devices correctly, if he or she doesn't really learn the background knowledge? We need to learn how to manipulate those products, and we also need to think about what we can do with their help--that means, to think ourselves.  Some individuals may, of course, become lazy than before, but it does not necessarily indicate human's ability of thinking will decrease.   
Accordingly, I think technology, when solving our problems, give us more opportunities to think on our own, and makes it easier for us. Reliance on technology may cause some individuals become lazy, but will do no more harm than benefit on our ability of thinking. Therefore, the ability of humans to think for themselves will not for sure decrease.
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