GRE 作文题目
来源于朗播用户：孙晓琳
Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]
题目分析
翻译
一些人认为，可以通过一个国家的统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就来判断这个国家是否伟大。另一些人认为，一个伟大国家最真实的体现实际上是其全民福利。[说明：写一篇文章，讨论哪一个观点更加接近你自己的观点，并解释你选择这个观点的理由。在展开和支持你的观点时，你需要处理上面提到的两个观点]
指导
本题改编自老GRE的ISSUE170"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people"。题目讨论国家伟大的体现形式问题，题目给出了两种观点。在分析的过程中，可以从统治者、艺术家、科学家的个人成就以及全民福利都可以展现国家哪些方面的内容，这些展现的表现形式、彼此之间的关系以及概括性、真实性等方面展开思考。需要注意：
1、无论在论述统治者、艺术家、科学家的成就还是全民福利，论点都应该在讨论的是the surest indicator；
2、题目给出的是achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists而不是国家的艺术科技政治水平，分析要针对某人的 achievement；
3、对于此题这种对比型的题目，需要注意不应孤立得去分析二者各自的利弊，而是应当将二者放在一起通过对比、类比等方法将差异展现出来，这样才能说明哪个更好。
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1. 请列举历史上的几个伟大国家、这些国家统治者、艺术家、科学家的成就以及全民福利情况。并分析这些内容在我们了解这些国家的过程中起到的作用。
回答：
英国,英国女王伊丽莎白1世(Elizabeth I,Elizabeth of England)“童贞女王”（The Virgin Queen）。也被称为“荣光女王”（Gloriana）她不但成功地保持了英格兰的统一，而且在经过近半个世纪的统治后，使英格兰成为欧洲最强大和最富有的国家之一.I see, and say nothing.
a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity.
Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era, famous above all for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Sir Francis Drake.This "golden age"[2] represented the apogee of the English Renaissance and saw the flowering of poetry, music and literature.
by the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, and parliament was not yet strong enough to challenge royal absolutism.
Lacking a dominant genius or a formal structure for research (the following century had both Sir Isaac Newton and the Royal Society), the Elizabethan era nonetheless saw significant scientific progress. The astronomers Thomas Digges and Thomas Harriot made important contributions; William Gilbert published his seminal study of magnetism, De Magnete, in 1600. Substantial advancements were made in the fields of cartography and surveying. The eccentric but influential John Dee also merits mention.(科学)
全民福利:England's food supply was plentiful throughout most of the reign; there were no famines. Bad harvests caused distress, but they were usually localized. The most widespread came in 1555-57 and 1596-98.[45] In the towns the price of staples was fixed by law; in hard times the size of the loaf of bread sold by the baker was smaller.
国家统治者,艺术家,科学家的成就会更清晰的反映在几个有成就的人身上,是一个国家中的少数几个人.几个人的伟大,不能说明国家是伟大的.
但是社会福利,由经济状况,人本主义(humanism)等等综合衡量,eg: Some historians are more reserved in their assessment. They depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler,[4] who enjoyed more than her share of luck. Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity.现代福利国家.
2. 统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就和国家是否伟大之间的关系有哪些？请结合具体国家、人物以及其成就分析并简述。
回答：
1,英明的统治者,艺术家或者科学家的成就有可能会改变一个国家的现状,使国家的经济文化可以艺术得到强化和改进,使该国与世界上其他国家相比更有实力和地位,并且会留下精神或者物质的遗产.使国家显得伟大在历史上有一席之地.
比如英国"黄金时代",艺术的遗产,人本思想的复兴,英国的文艺复兴,女王战胜spain armada
带来了英国的强盛,经济的发展,商业的兴起.贸易的繁荣
人本思想和政治集权
3. 全民福利和国家是否伟大之间的关系有哪些？请结合具体国家和当时的全民福利情况分析并简述。
回答：
全民福利的提高更加关注普通个人的福利,也包括个人的幸福水平,对普通人的重视体现了一个国家的人文思想和自由公平,一个重视全民福利的国家更加实际和朴素,以全民福利为国家是否伟大的标志更加令普通人信服,同时这个国家也会获得其他国家的尊重,富在民间更有利于国家的凝聚力和自豪感的培养.
比如:英国虽然是当时的世界霸主,但是与西班牙的战争给英格兰的经济重新带来了巨大的负担.而且只有当普通民众都在支持女王时,女王的威信和能力国家的自我认知,国家的自信才能实现国家的伟大.
4. 同全民福利相比，统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就在反映国家是否伟大的时候，是否存在局限性或者不合理的地方？如果没有，为什么？如果有，请举例并简述。
回答：
同全民福利相比,局限性:1,时间上的局限性,统治者,艺术家科学家都会有生老病死,他们在世时有很大的影响力改变国家进程,但是他们去世百年之后,很难再有突破.2,全民福利是一个更加难以达到的标准,时间长久,并且难以实现,美国也不能说实现了全民福利,关注普通个人的生活比关注伟人的生活要困难得多.3,统治者,艺术家科学家只是人口中一小部分人.
5. 还有哪些标准或者条件可以反映国家的伟大程度？这些内容同全民福利相比，有哪些优势和不足？是否全民福利是对国家伟大程度最真实的反映？
回答：
1,社会的幸福指数,优势:反映人们的心理,更加具有主观性,但同时更加敏锐. 劣势:难以定义幸福2,经济上的指数:劣势:数字不能代表一切,平均指数更加重要和反映现实.优势:度量方便.
全民福利因为涉及因素多样,所以可以认为是国家伟大程度的真实反映
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