Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]
翻译
社会里每个人都有责任遵守公正的法律,并违抗和抵制不公正的法律。[说明:写一篇文章,讨论你同意或反对这个主张达到什么程度。在展开和支持你的观点时,一定要处理那些最有说服力的理由和/或例子,它们可能被用来挑战你的观点]
指导
本题改编自老GRE的ISSUE"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws"。出自马丁·路德·金的两种法律观(Two Concepts of Law in Martin Luther King)--“法有好坏、善恶的区分。换言之,法律有两种即公正的法律和非公正的法律。人们不仅有法律义务,也有道义责任,去服从公正的法律。同时,人们也有道义的责任不服从非公正的法律。因为,不公正的法律根本就算不上是法律”。题目首先将法律进行了分类,进一步给出了人们如何应对两种法律的建议。可以对法律内涵、社会中的个人权利以及义务等概念,以及概念之间彼此的关系展开分析。同时,在评判法律公正与否的时候需要注意,将思路放开,不要局限于某时某地。
1. 评判法律公正与否的标准是否存在?公正的法律有哪些?不公正的法律有哪些?请举例并简述。
回答:
the just laws should ensure that everyone is equal 。not different because of different status,wealth,gender and race. 尊重公民的言论自由 有违道义moral principle的法律,佛罗里达州的法律规定白人学校和黑人学校应该隔离It is formulated in Florida law that the white schools should be segregated with black schools;奴隶制 判断法律公正与否的绝对标准不存在。 每个人由于其所处的环境不同,对于公正的定义也各不相同。而现行的法律,只不过是在现行条件下,根据社会上大多数人心中的对于公正定义的共通点而制定出来的。公正的概念有历史局限性,一个过去曾经公正的概念在以后不一定依然公正。并且,当一个概念被写入法律时,它也会使原本对此概念持中立态度的人认为它是正义的。 公正的法律:大多数法律的大部分篇幅
2. 人们的责任都有哪些?人们为什么会被安排某些责任,又为什么需要履行自己的责任?
回答:
Duties of men varies as the different roles one plays in society, such as duty to raise children, pay taxes, attend work, and be loyal to marriage and their own country.People are obliged to perform a duty mainly because they are social men who lives together and rely on each other's concerted work. If men betrayed what he should do for society, the basic rules of everybody serving each other will break and thus lead to a disorder of social contract.
3. 公正的法律对社会大众有什么作用?人们去遵守公证法律的原因是什么?如果不遵守,会有什么后果?
回答:
A just law constrains men's behavior and that consequently lead to a guarantee of each social man's liberty. People are willing to obey a law for one aspect, the law is a force rule,and for another they realize that their interest will be protected if the perform the law. If one breaks a law, he will be punished and condemned by other people.
4. 不公正的法律对社会大众有什么作用?人们有必要去违抗和抵制不公正法律么?如果有们为什么?违抗和抵制的后果会是什么?
回答:
An unjust law lose prestige and reduce the public's faith in it. People have to fight against the unjust law because it no longer protect what it should protect and no longer punish who should be punished. Not only can an resistance against unjust law cause turbulence but also do harm to those in power.
5. 社会里的个人对于法律应该采取何种应对方式呢?遵守的方式都有哪些?违抗的方式又有哪些?
回答:
Each man should abide by law and should monitor it.To obey a law, one can get informed via learning.And to disobey a law, one can present formal protest and demonstrate in public